Fig. 1 — Powerglide automatic transmission Three element torque converter with automatically controlled planetary gear system in drive range. Manual selection of reverse and low. Maximum Converter Torque Ratio (at stall) 2.1/1 Planetary Gear Ratio in Low 1.82/1 Planetary Gear Ratio in Reverse 1.82/1 Fig. 2 — Turboglide automatic transmission Five element, triple turbine torque converter. First and second turbines drive output shaft through planetary gear-sets. Third turbine drives output shaft directly. Manual selection of Reverse and Grade Retarder. Maximum Converter Torque Ratios (at stall) Stator Low Angle 3.8/1 Stator High Angle 4.3/1 Front Planetary Gear Ratio (second turbine) 1.63/1 Rear Planetary Gear Ratio (first turbine) 2.67/1 Reverse Gear Ratio 1.78/1AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION 640 SAE TRANSACTIONS Downloaded from SAE International by North Carolina State Univ, Sunday, September 16, 2018TESTING H. H. Kehrl, M. R. Marsh, and R. A. Gallant, Chevrolet Motor Division, General Motors Corp. This paper was presented at the SAE National Passenger-Car, Body, and Materials Meeting, Detroit, March 16, 1959.THE LABORATORY has been described as an I "indoor" proving ground. However, laboratory investigations are not intended to substitute for proving ground activities, but rather are a neces- sary counterpart. Interrelation between the two becomes more clear when considering some of the laboratory's inherent advantages: 1.It permits close investigation of the opera- tion of inaccessible parts. 2.Small differences in design performance may be evaluated through precise control and measurement of test conditions. 3.Road conditions, due to inclement weather, are of no concern. 4. The delay of transmission tests due to fail- ure of other vehicle components is eliminated. 5.By utilizing automatic shut down features, it allows close inspection and pin-pointing of source of failure. 6.It allows accelerated testing since measured proving grounds data may be adjusted a given percentage before being put into a fixture. This paper describes the laboratory testing of automatic transmissions. THE NEED for modern laboratory methods and fa-TH is perhaps nowhere better exemplified than in the development of the automatic transmission. Transmission refinement has been accelerated in recent years due to three primary factors: the transmission is called upon to deliver nearly three times its originally assigned horsepower; styling trends have confined it to its original package size; and competition has continuously raised its please- ability standards. To meet this challenge, designers have come to place greater emphasis on the facilities and methods of investigation that replace the educated guess with quantitative measurement. Transient phenomena once were held accountable for the rather generous application of safety fac- tors, experience factors, and fudge factors. Today's requirements call for accurate identification and quantitative measurement of the magnitude, dura-tion, and effects of these transient phenomena so that designs may be based on more known quanti- ties, and fewer unknowns. The basic laboratory approach is to: 1."Ask the machine" what the actual require- ments of a new component design should be. 2.Set up test machinery to inflict these require- ments on a proposed design and record its perform- ance. The "machine" referred to in the first step may be a complete transmission or any one of its com- ponents. In either case, the needed information is gathered by use of instrumentation with the test piece operating in its normal environment. This usually means it is installed in a test car running through an appropriate schedule, or in a machine designed to duplicate these conditions. These ac- tual, rather than theoretical, requirements then be- VOLUME 67, 1959 641Downloaded from SAE International by North Carolina State Univ, Sunday, September 16, 2018HUB'SEAL DRIVEN PLATES WITH BONDED FACINGS / REAR DRIVE PLATE Fig. 3 — Turboglide