论文标题
电价和关税以保持所有人的快乐:固定和节点价格的框架在分销网格中共存,并获得最佳的投资成本收回关税
Electricity prices and tariffs to keep everyone happy: a framework for fixed and nodal prices coexistence in distribution grids with optimal tariffs for investment cost recovery
论文作者
论文摘要
一些消费者,尤其是家庭,不愿面对波动的电价,他们可以将同一地区的不公平价格差异视为不公平的价格差异。由于这些原因,很少使用分销网络中的节点价格。但是,可再生资源和新兴价格弹性行为的可用性日益增加,为有效引入分销网络中边缘节点定价方案铺平了道路。拟议的框架的目的是展示传统的非弹性消费者如何与本地分销区的灵活用户共处。灵活的用户将支付节点价格,而不受欢迎的消费者将收取从基础节点价格中获得的固定价格。此外,开发的方法显示了分配系统运营商应如何通过最佳确定要扩展的线路来管理本地电网,而收集的网络关税则向电网用户征收,同时负责拥塞租金和投资成本。提出的模型被公式为非线性整数双光线程序,然后通过使用整数代数和互补关系,将其重新铸造为等效的单个优化问题。分配区域中的功率流是通过诉诸二阶锥体松弛来建模的,在轻度假设下,其解决方案是径向网络的确切解决方案。最终模型会导致混合构成四边形的限制程序,该程序可以用现成的求解器解决。据报道,基于5个公共汽车和33个总线网络的数值测试案例显示了该方法的有效性。
Some consumers, particularly households, are unwilling to face volatile electricity prices, and they can perceive as unfair price differentiation in the same local area. For these reasons, nodal prices in distribution networks are rarely employed. However, the increasing availability of renewable resources and emerging price-elastic behaviours pave the way for the effective introduction of marginal nodal pricing schemes in distribution networks. The aim of the proposed framework is to show how traditional non-flexible consumers can coexist with flexible users in a local distribution area. Flexible users will pay nodal prices, whereas non-flexible consumers will be charged a fixed price derived from the underlying nodal prices. Moreover, the developed approach shows how a distribution system operator should manage the local grid by optimally determining the lines to be expanded, and the collected network tariff levied on grid users, while accounting for both congestion rent and investment costs. The proposed model is formulated as a non-linear integer bilevel program, which is then recast as an equivalent single optimization problem, by using integer algebra and complementarity relations. The power flows in the distribution area are modelled by resorting to a second-order cone relaxation, whose solution is exact for radial networks under mild assumptions. The final model results in a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program, which can be solved with off-the-shelf solvers. Numerical test cases based on both 5-bus and 33-bus networks are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.