论文标题
二进制的黑洞周围的重力弹弓
Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary
论文作者
论文摘要
测试质量从围绕天体物体（散射中心）取重的弹弓的速度增益随后者的速度和紧凑性而增加（质量'轨迹的挠度更强，而无需撞击物体的表面）。黑洞（BHS）以紧密的二进制（由两个黑洞组成；我们不考虑X射线二进制文件），它们本身以相对论的速度移动，代表了最佳的散射中心。因此，在BH二进制周围的混乱轨道上堆积的物质颗粒的亚群可能会反复采用弹弓并加速到超相关的速度（如观察者在地球上看到的），最终从二进制中逃脱了，以及BH吞噬了BH的命运。可以在地球上观察到逃逸的颗粒为超高能量宇宙射线（UHECRS）。研究这种可能性将需要一般的相对论弹弓公式，因为涉及的高速和与BHS的紧密相遇。我们在本文中得出了它们，并表明粒子洛伦兹因子中每个弹弓的百分比增益在粒子燃烧时仍未减少，从而表明弹弓机制可以在主加速粒子中颗粒到极端能量。
The speed gain of a test mass from taking a gravitational slingshot around a celestial object (scattering centre) increases with the latter's speed and compactness (stronger deflection of the mass' trajectory becomes possible without it hitting the surface of the object). The black holes (BHs) in a tight binary (consisting of two black holes; we are not considering X-ray binaries), themselves moving at relativistic speeds, represent optimal scattering centres. Therefore, a sub-population of accreting matter particles, swept up into chaotic orbits around a BH binary, might repeatedly take slingshots and become accelerated to ultra-relativistic speeds (as seen by observers on Earth), ultimately escaping from the binary, as well as the fate of being devoured by a BH. The escaped particles can plausibly be observed on Earth as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Investigating such a possibility would require general relativistic slingshot formulae due to the high speeds involved and the close encounters with BHs. We derive them in this paper, and show that the percentage gain per slingshot in a particle's Lorentz factor remains undiminished even as the particle energizes up, thus demonstrating that the slingshot mechanism can in principal accelerate particles to extreme energies.
