论文标题

估计MRK \,231在2017-2018耀斑期间的喷射能力

Estimating the Jet Power of Mrk\,231 During the 2017-2018 Flare

论文作者

Reynolds, Cormac, Punsly, Brian, Miniutti, Giovanni, O'Dea, Christopher P., Hurley-Walker, Natasha

论文摘要

长期17.6〜GHz无线电监测宽吸收线类星,MRK \,231,在2017年底检测到了强烈的耀斑。这引发了四个非常长的基线阵列(VLBA)观察结果的四个时期,从8.4〜GHz到43〜GHz,在10周的X射线期间以及X-Ray的观察期间。这是我们获得的VLBA监视的第三次活动。 43〜GHz VLBA在所有时期中都降解,其中只有10个天线中的7个,在第一个时期可提供8个时期,其中8个。但是,由于在17.6〜GHz的完全短100 〜Mjy耀斑的偶然捕获上获得了有用的结果:生长和衰变。这为弹出等离子体的物理模型提供了有用的限制,而这些等离子体的物理模型在以前的广告系列中没有可用。我们考虑四类模型,离散的弹出(质子和正弦)和喷射(质子和正音)。最可行的模型是带有能量通量$ \ sim10^{43} $ ergs/sec的微弱背景Leptonic Jet中的“耗散明亮结”。环境变基光子场中的逆康普顿散射计算(基于这些模型)解释了缺乏通过Nustar测得的X射线光度的可检测到的增加。我们表明,核心(明亮的结)以$ \ $ \ 0.97 $ c的速度向附近的次级移动。背景喷气机非常卑鄙。显然,高频VLBA核心通常不代表大型喷气机的起源点,而原始点的光学深度“核心移动”估计值可能会误导。

Long-term 17.6~GHz radio monitoring of the broad absorption line quasar, Mrk\,231, detected a strong flare in late 2017. This triggered four epochs of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations from 8.4~GHz to 43~GHz over a 10-week period as well as an X-ray observation with NuSTAR. This was the third campaign of VLBA monitoring that we have obtained. The 43~GHz VLBA was degraded in all epochs with only 7 of 10 antennas available in three epochs and 8 in the first epoch. However, useful results were obtained due to a fortuitous capturing of a complete short 100~mJy flare at 17.6~GHz: growth and decay. This provided useful constraints on the physical model of the ejected plasma that were not available in previous campaigns. We consider four classes of models, discrete ejections (both protonic and positronic) and jetted (protonic and positronic). The most viable model is a "dissipative bright knot" in a faint background leptonic jet with an energy flux $\sim10^{43}$ ergs/sec. Inverse Compton scattering calculations (based on these models) in the ambient quasar photon field explains the lack of a detectable increase in X-ray luminosity measured by NuSTAR. We show that the core (the bright knot) moves towards a nearby secondary at $\approx 0.97$c. The background jet is much fainter. Evidently, the high frequency VLBA core does not represent the point of origin of blazar jets, in general, and optical depth "core shift" estimates of jet points of origin can be misleading.

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