论文标题
探索非平衡波动关系，用于在调节屏障上电子的量子机械隧穿
Exploring the non-equilibrium fluctuation relation for quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons across a modulating barrier
论文作者
论文摘要
我们通过实验探索在调制的隧道屏障上电子隧穿的现象，该隧道障碍物是在STM尖端和沉积在振动压电表面上的AU膜之间产生的。跨调节屏障的量子机械隧穿电流的时间序列的测量显示出较大的波动。分析在有限的时间间隔内建立隧道电流的平均工作表明正常工作事件和负面工作事件的分布。负工作事件表明对偏置电压方向进行隧穿。我们表明，这些分布遵守Gallavotti Cohen非平衡波动关系（GC-NEFR），适用于通过耗散环境驱动的系统。通常，尽管已经显示了非平衡经典系统的GC -NEFR，但我们也显示了其在量子机械隧道过程中的有效性。 GC-NEFR分析还为我们提供了一种测量此量子隧道系统中存在的耗散的方法。我们提出调制屏障的行为就像是隧道电子的有损散射介质，导致隧道过程的趋势。
We experimentally explore the phenomenon of electron tunneling across a modulated tunneling barrier which is created between an STM tip and an Au film deposited on a vibrating piezo surface. Measurements of the time series of the quantum mechanical tunneling current across the modulating barrier show large fluctuations. Analysis of the average work done in establishing tunneling current in finite time interval shows a distribution of both positive and negative work events. The negative work events suggest tunneling against the bias voltage direction. We show that these distributions obey the Gallavotti Cohen Non-equilibrium Fluctuation Relations (GC-NEFR) valid for systems driven through a dissipating environment. Typically, while the GC-NEFR has been shown for non -equilibrium classical systems we show its validity for the quantum mechanical tunneling process too. The GC-NEFR analysis also gives us a way to measure the dissipation present in this quantum tunneling system. We propose the modulated barrier behaves like a lossy scattering medium for the tunneling electrons resulting in a tendency to randomize of the tunneling process.
