论文标题
环境对时钟干涉法的影响
Effect of environment on the interferometry of clocks
论文作者
论文摘要
“时钟”的量子干扰，即具有随着时间不断变化的内部自由度（DOF）的粒子，是测试量子系统中真正的一般相对论效应的有前途的途径。时钟在穿越干涉仪的手臂时经历了不同的适当时间，从而获得了哪些路径信息，从而导致其路径可见度下降。我们考虑时钟在通过干涉仪中转移时会受到环境噪声的影响。特别是，我们开发了一种对时钟噪声影响的干涉可见性的广义公式。我们发现，对于小噪声和武器之间的较小适当的时间差，噪声进一步降低了可见度，而在更普遍的情况下，它可以提高或降低可见度。例如，我们研究了由单场模式构成的热环境的效果，并表明随着温度的升高，可见度进一步下降。此外，通过考虑基于标准量子通道的噪声模型，我们表明干涉可见性可以根据噪声类型以及时间尺度和过渡概率增加或降低。噪声对可见性的影响的量化 - 特别是在热环境的情况下，在实际实验中可以更好地估算预期结果。
Quantum interference of "clocks", namely of particles with time-evolving internal degrees of freedom (DOFs), is a promising avenue to test genuine general relativistic effects in quantum systems. The clock acquires which path information while experiencing different proper times on traversing the arms of the interferometer, leading to a drop in its path visibility. We consider scenarios where the clock is subject to environmental noise as it transits through the interferometer. In particular, we develop a generalized formulation of interferometric visibility affected by noise on the clock. We find that, for small noise and small proper time difference between the arms, the noise further reduces the visibility, while in more general situations it can either increase or reduce the visibility. As an example, we investigate the effect of a thermal environment constituted by a single field mode and show that the visibility drops further as the temperature is increased. Additionally, by considering noise models based on standard quantum channels, we show that interferometric visibility can increase or decrease depending on the type of noise and also the time scale and transition probabilities. The quantification of the effect of noise on the visibility -- particularly in the case of a thermal environment paves the way for a better estimate on the expected outcome in an actual experiment.
