论文标题
支付渠道网络中的拥塞攻击
Congestion Attacks in Payment Channel Networks
论文作者
论文摘要
支付渠道网络为中继资金提供了快速,可扩展的解决方案,作为第二层,可降低和可扩展的区块链协议。在本文中,我们提出了一种可访问的低成本攻击,其中攻击者瘫痪了几天的多个支付网络渠道。攻击基于与请求的过载渠道,这些请求一直无法解决,直到到期时间为止。达到最大允许的未解决请求(HTLC)锁定新付款的渠道。实际上,该攻击是构建离子网络的固有的,因为对未解决的付款数量的限制是从区块链上的限制中得出的。我们考虑了攻击的三个主要版本:一种攻击者试图阻止尽可能多的高流动性通道,其中一个会尽可能多地断开连接的节点,而它试图将单个节点与网络隔离开来。我们评估了对比特币闪电网络上这些攻击的成本,并比较网络的变化如何影响攻击成本。具体来说,我们考虑了每个主要闪电实现中默认参数的最新变化如何有助于攻击。当我们评估攻击时,我们还研究了有关闪电网络中参数的统计数据,这些参数具有独立的兴趣,并比较了闪电节点的各种实现。最后,我们建议缓解技术使这些攻击更难进行。
Payment channel networks provide a fast and scalable solution to relay funds, acting as a second layer to slower and less scalable blockchain protocols. In this paper, we present an accessible, low-cost attack in which the attacker paralyzes multiple payment network channels for several days. The attack is based on overloading channels with requests that are kept unresolved until their expiration time. Reaching the maximum allowed unresolved requests (HTLCs) locks the channel for new payments. The attack is in fact inherent to the way off-chain networks are constructed, since limits on the number of unresolved payments are derived from limits on the blockchain. We consider three main versions of the attack: one in which the attacker attempts to block as many high liquidity channels as possible, one in which it disconnects as many pairs of nodes as it can, and one in which it tries to isolate individual nodes from the network. We evaluate the costs of these attacks on Bitcoin's Lightning Network and compare how changes in the network have affected the cost of attack. Specifically, we consider how recent changes to default parameters in each of the main Lightning implementations contribute to the attacks. As we evaluate the attacks, we also look at statistics on parameters in the Lightning Network, which are of independent interest and compare the various implementations of Lightning nodes. Finally, we suggest mitigation techniques that make these attacks much harder to carry out.