论文标题
在热力学等距温度淬火中更快的上坡放松
Faster uphill relaxation in thermodynamically equidistant temperature quenches
论文作者
论文摘要
我们在松弛方面发现了不可预见的不对称性 - 对于一对热力学等距温度淬灭，一个是从较低的温度下来，另一个是从较高温度的温度下，在环境温度下的放松在前者的情况下更快。我们证明了这一发现与单分子和示踪粒子动力学的背景下相关的两个确切解决的多体系统。我们证明，近乎稳定的最小值和所有二次能量景观，这是一种普遍现象，在单分子和粒子跟踪实验中探测的一类非马克维亚观察物中也存在。不对称是具有光滑单孔电势的可逆的过度阻尼扩散系统的一般特征，当淬灭主要的孔内平衡时，在多孔景观中发生。我们的发现可能与优化随机热发动机有关。
We uncover an unforeseen asymmetry in relaxation -- for a pair of thermodynamically equidistant temperature quenches, one from a lower and the other from a higher temperature, the relaxation at the ambient temperature is faster in case of the former. We demonstrate this finding on hand of two exactly solvable many-body systems relevant in the context of single-molecule and tracer-particle dynamics. We prove that near stable minima and for all quadratic energy landscapes it is a general phenomenon that also exists in a class of non-Markovian observables probed in single-molecule and particle-tracking experiments. The asymmetry is a general feature of reversible overdamped diffusive systems with smooth single-well potentials and occurs in multi-well landscapes when quenches disturb predominantly intra-well equilibria. Our findings may be relevant for the optimization of stochastic heat engines.
