论文标题
加热无线电脉冲星的真实极盖
Heating of the Real Polar Cap of Radio Pulsars
论文作者
论文摘要
研究了无线电脉冲星的真实极性盖表面的加热，并研究了超偏见的电荷。真正的极性盖是在传统的极性盖内部或关闭的一个明显较小的区域，该区域由偶极场的最后一个开放式线$ \ vec {b} _d $包围。它被小规模本地表面字段的那些字段线包围，$ \ vec {b} _s $将$ \ vec {b} _d $的最后一个开放字段线在$ \ sim 10^5 $ cm上方的高度上加上盖子上方。由于传统和真实极性帽$ r_ {dip}/r_ {pc} \ sim 10 $的半径比例，通量保护需要$ b_s/b_d \ sim 100 $。在旋转期间，$ p \ sim 0.5 $ s，$ b_s \ sim \ sim 10^{14} $ g会产生一个强大的电势间隙，形成了内部加速区域（IAR），其中电荷获得动力学$ \ sim 3 \ sim 3 \ times 10^{14} $ ev。这设定了回流电荷可以作为真实极性盖表面层中的热量释放的能量的上限。在IAR中，它以非常有能量的电荷流动，没有稳定的氢气可以生存。因此，我们将极盖视为由完全离子铁离子组成的固化“裸”表面。我们讨论了真正的极性帽的物理状况，将其表面温度$ t_s $作为$ b_s $和$ p $的功能计算，并将结果与X射线观测到无线电脉冲星的观察。
The heating of the real polar cap surface of radio pulsars by the bombardment of ultra-relativistic charges is studied. The real polar cap is a significantly smaller area within or close by the conventional polar cap which is encircled by the last open field lines of the dipolar field $\vec{B}_d$. It is surrounded by those field lines of the small scale local surface field $\vec{B}_s$ that join the last open field lines of $\vec{B}_d$ in a height of $\sim 10^5$ cm above the cap. As the ratio of radii of the conventional and real polar cap $R_{dip}/R_{pc}\sim 10$, flux conservation requires $B_s/B_d\sim 100$. For rotational periods $P\sim 0.5$ s, $B_s\sim 10^{14}$ G creates a strong electric potential gap that forms the inner accelerating region (IAR) in which charges gain kinetic energies $\sim 3\times 10^{14}$ eV. This sets an upper limit for the energy that back flowing charges can release as heat in the surface layers of the real polar cap. Within the IAR, which is flown through with a dense stream of extremely energetic charges, no stable atmosphere of hydrogen can survive. Therefore, we consider the polar cap as a solidified "naked" surface consisting of fully ionized iron ions. We discuss the physical situation at the real polar cap, calculate its surface temperatures $T_s$ as functions of $B_s$ and $P$, and compare the results with X-ray observations of radio pulsars.
