论文标题
解决区块链可伸缩性问题的量子资金解决方案
A Quantum Money Solution to the Blockchain Scalability Problem
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了这样一个想法，即经典的区块链和智能合约不仅对古典密码学来说是有用的原始图，而且对于量子加密也是有用的。抽象地，智能合约是一种功能，允许当事方存入资金，并在满足算法可检查条件后将其释放，因此可以用作执行货币激励措施的正式工具。 在这项工作中，我们给出了在量子设置中使用智能合约的第一个示例。我们描述了一个简单的混合古典量子支付系统，其主要成分是能够处理状态智能合约的经典区块链，以及量子闪电，加强了Zhandry引入的公共量子量货币（Eurocrypt'19）。我们的混合支付系统将量子状态用作钞票和经典区块链来解决争议并跟踪有效的序列号。它具有几个理想的属性：它是分散的，不需要任何单个实体的信任；付款与量子通信一样快，无论用户总数多少；当量子钞票损坏或丢失时，应有的所有者可以收回损失的价值。
We put forward the idea that classical blockchains and smart contracts are potentially useful primitives not only for classical cryptography, but for quantum cryptography as well. Abstractly, a smart contract is a functionality that allows parties to deposit funds, and release them upon fulfillment of algorithmically checkable conditions, and can thus be employed as a formal tool to enforce monetary incentives. In this work, we give the first example of the use of smart contracts in a quantum setting. We describe a simple hybrid classical-quantum payment system whose main ingredients are a classical blockchain capable of handling stateful smart contracts, and quantum lightning, a strengthening of public-key quantum money introduced by Zhandry (Eurocrypt'19). Our hybrid payment system employs quantum states as banknotes and a classical blockchain to settle disputes and to keep track of the valid serial numbers. It has several desirable properties: it is decentralized, requiring no trust in any single entity; payments are as quick as quantum communication, regardless of the total number of users; when a quantum banknote is damaged or lost, the rightful owner can recover the lost value.
