论文标题
用于整数和分数电荷电子波包的准粒子状态
Quasiparticles states for integer- and fractional-charged electron wave packets
论文作者
论文摘要
众所周知，具有整数量子通量的Lorentzian电压脉冲可能导致量子导体中无噪声电流。电流是通过指导器费米海的带电的准颗粒携带的，这些准粒子具有明确的波函数，并被称为“ levitons”。但是，尚不清楚列维顿的发展如何随着脉冲的通量不断变化而变化。为了回答这个问题，我们引入了一组Wannier样的单体波函数，可用于描述由Lorentzian脉冲注射的具有任意通量的准粒子的量子状态。我们表明，通过调整脉冲的通量，列维顿可以演变成带有分数电荷的准颗粒。同时，还可以激发其他分数的准粒子，从而形成中性电子孔对。这些准颗粒的信息可以从电流的射击噪声中提取。这些知识可能有助于对固态电路中传播电子的时间分辨量子控制。
It is well-known that Lorentzian voltage pulses with integer quantum flux can lead to noiseless current in quantum conductors. The current is carried by charged quasiparticles in the Fermi sea of the conductors, which have well-defined wave functions and have been named as "levitons". However, it is not clear how levitons evolve as the flux of the pulses changes continuously toward a fractional value. To answer this question, we introduce a set of Wannier-like single-body wave functions, which can be used to describe the quantum states of the quasiparticles injected by Lorentzian pulses with arbitrary flux. We show that, by tuning the flux of the pulses, levitons can evolve into quasiparticles carrying fractional charges. In the meantime, additional fractional-charged quasiparticles can also be excited, which can form neutral electron-hole pairs. The information of these quasiparticles can be extracted from the shot noise of the current. These knowledge can be helpful for the time-resolved quantum control of propagating electrons in solid-state circuits.
