论文标题
在螃蟹脉冲星中两个大故障之后发现延迟的旋转行为,以及此类过程的统计数据
Discovery of delayed spin-up behavior following two large glitches in the Crab pulsar, and the statistics of such processes
论文作者
论文摘要
小故障对应于突然的旋转频率($ν$)及其衍生物($ \dotν$)的脉冲星,其起源尚不清楚,部分原因是大多数小故障的跳跃过程都没有很好地分辨。 1989年,1996年和2017年检测到的螃蟹脉冲星有三个大故障,发现在正常恢复过程之前延迟了旋转过程。在这里,我们报告了2004年和2011年发生的两次螃蟹脉冲星的毛刺,我们发现了延迟的旋转过程,并且最大的小故障的当前精制参数发生在2017年。小故障的最初上升时间被确定为$ <0.48 $小时。我们还对观察到的旋转过程进行了这五个故障进行统计研究。这两个故障发生在2004年和2011年,分别延迟了$ 1.7 \ pm0.8 $ \,天和$ 1.6 \ pm0.4 $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \ $ \,天数延迟了旋转时间尺度($τ_{1} $)。我们发现,$Δν$ vs. $ |δ{\dotν} | $的关系与未检测到的延迟旋转过程的毛刺相似,这表明它们与自然界中的其他相似,只是它们具有较大的振幅。对于这五个故障,延迟旋转过程的振幅($ |δν_ {\ rm d1} | $)和恢复过程($Δν_ {\ rm d2} $),他们的时间尺度($τ_{1} $,$τ_{2} $} $($τ_{2} $} $(总频率步($Δν_ {\ rm g} $)具有正相关。从这些相关性中,我们建议延迟的旋转过程对于所有故障来说都是常见的,但是太短,因此对于大多数故障而言很难被检测到。
Glitches correspond to sudden jumps of rotation frequency ($ν$) and its derivative ($\dotν$) of pulsars, the origin of which remains not well understood yet, partly because the jump processes of most glitches are not well time-resolved. There are three large glitches of the Crab pulsar, detected in 1989, 1996 and 2017, which were found to have delayed spin-up processes before the normal recovery processes. Here we report two additional glitches of the Crab pulsar occurred in 2004 and 2011 for which we discovered delayed spin up processes, and present refined parameters of the largest glitch occurred in 2017. The initial rising time of the glitch is determined as $<0.48$ hour. We also carried out a statistical study of these five glitches with observed spin-up processes. The two glitches occurred in 2004 and 2011 have delayed spin-up time scales ($τ_{1}$) of $1.7\pm0.8$\,days and $1.6\pm0.4$\,days, respectively. We find that the $Δν$ vs. $|Δ{\dotν}|$ relation of these five glitches is similar to those with no detected delayed spin-up process, indicating that they are similar to the others in nature except that they have larger amplitudes. For these five glitches, the amplitudes of the delayed spin-up process ($|Δν_{\rm d1}|$) and recovery process ($Δν_{\rm d2}$), their time scales ($τ_{1}$, $τ_{2}$), and permanent changes in spin frequency ($Δν_{\rm p}$) and total frequency step ($Δν_{\rm g}$) have positive correlations. From these correlations, we suggest that the delayed spin-up processes are common for all glitches, but are too short and thus difficult to be detected for most glitches.