论文标题

使用几何代数的电磁脚手架的尺寸脚手架

Dimensional scaffolding of electromagnetism using geometric algebra

论文作者

Orbán, Xabier Prado, Mira, Jorge

论文摘要

使用几何代数和微积分来表达电磁法定律,我们能够以逐渐的方式呈现大小和关系,从而升级维度的数量。在一维情况下,电荷和当前密度,电场E以及标量和矢量电势在时空图中获得几何解释。应用于这些幅度的几何矢量衍生物产生的简单表达式导致概念,例如位移电流,连续性和量规或延迟时间,具有清晰的几何含义。由于几何矢量衍生物是可逆的,因此我们引入了简单的绿色功能,因此,有可能以智障的liénard-wiechert电位自然地以光速度传播。在两个维度中,这些幅度变得更加复杂,并且磁场B是一个伪尺度,在一维世界中不存在。归纳定律反映了E和B之间的关系,并且有可能到达电容器,电路和Poynting向量的概念,从而解释了能量流。在这种二维场景中,波动方程的解决方案现在发现了在光速下的物理效应的传播。这预计在实际的三维世界中会产生相同的结果,但在这种情况下具有在一个或三个维度中完全不存在的性质。因此,电磁波完全以光速传播的电磁波可以被视为生活在一个奇怪数量空间维度的世界中的结果。最后,在真实的三维世界中,相同的简单多活动差异表达式编码了电磁主义的基本定律和概念。

Using geometric algebra and calculus to express the laws of electromagnetism we are able to present magnitudes and relations in a gradual way, escalating the number of dimensions. In the one-dimensional case, charge and current densities, the electric field E and the scalar and vector potentials get a geometric interpretation in spacetime diagrams. The geometric vector derivative applied to these magnitudes yields simple expressions leading to concepts like displacement current, continuity and gauge or retarded time, with a clear geometric meaning. As the geometric vector derivative is invertible, we introduce simple Green's functions and, with this, it is possible to obtain retarded Liénard-Wiechert potentials propagating naturally at the speed of light. In two dimensions, these magnitudes become more complex, and a magnetic field B appears as a pseudoscalar which was absent in the one-dimensional world. The laws of induction reflect the relations between E and B, and it is possible to arrive to the concepts of capacitor, electric circuit and Poynting vector, explaining the flow of energy. The solutions to the wave equations in this two-dimensional scenario uncover now the propagation of physical effects at the speed of light. This anticipates the same results in the real three-dimensional world, but endowed in this case with a nature which is totally absent in one or three dimensions. Electromagnetic waves propagating entirely at the speed of light can thus be viewed as a consequence of living in a world with an odd number of spatial dimensions. Finally, in the real three-dimensional world the same set of simple multivector differential expressions encode the fundamental laws and concepts of electromagnetism.

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