论文标题
创新的经济条件：私营与公共部门
Economic Conditions for Innovation: Private vs. Public Sector
论文作者
论文摘要
希克斯引起的创新假设指出，生产因子的价格上涨是发明的刺激。我们提出了一个替代假设，该假设是，发明的刺激不仅需要增加一个因素，而且还需要减少至少一个其他因素才能抵消公司成本。我们在英国工业革命的历史例子中说明了我们对替代假设的必要性。此外，我们从2003年至2017年的29个经合组织国家的研究与开发案例研究（R＆D）中评估了这两个假设。具体而言，我们调查了投资对研发对经济环境的依赖性，该研发对经济环境的依赖是使用面板回归的平均工资和石油价格代表的。我们发现，我们的替代假设得到了由商业企业资助和/或进行的研发和/或执行的，而原始的希克斯假设为政府和大学表演的R＆D提供的研发。我们的结果反映出，与政府和高等教育部门不同，商业部门受到市场状况的影响很大。
The Hicks induced innovation hypothesis states that a price increase of a production factor is a spur to invention. We propose an alternative hypothesis restating that a spur to invention require not only an increase of one factor but also a decrease of at least one other factor to offset the companies' cost. We illustrate the need for our alternative hypothesis in a historical example of the industrial revolution in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, we econometrically evaluate both hypotheses in a case study of research and development (R&D) in 29 OECD countries from 2003 to 2017. Specifically, we investigate dependence of investments to R&D on economic environment represented by average wages and oil prices using panel regression. We find that our alternative hypothesis is supported for R&D funded and/or performed by business enterprises while the original Hicks hypothesis holds for R&D funded by the government and R&D performed by universities. Our results reflect that business sector is significantly influenced by market conditions, unlike the government and higher education sectors.
