论文标题
交通交集拍卖的在线激励兼容机制
Online Incentive-Compatible Mechanisms for Traffic Intersection Auctions
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了用于交通交集拍卖的新颖的在线机制,用户在其中竞标优先服务。我们假设在车道前部的用户被要求宣布其延迟成本,即时间的价值,并且用户以减少延迟成本的顺序服务。由于预计用户将动态到达交通交叉点,因此静态定价方法可能无法准确估算用户预期的等待时间,并导致非策略付款。为了解决这一差距,我们提出了两个马尔可夫链模型,以确定拍卖参与者的预期等待时间。这两个模型都考虑到了十字路口未来到达的可能性。在第一个模型中,我们假设未来到达的概率在交叉路口的泳道之间是统一的。这种基于队列的模型仅跟踪访问道路上的低价和高价用户的数量以及空道的数量。统一的假设在第二个基于车道的模型中放松,该模型以特定于车道的用户到达概率为代价,但以扩展状态空间为代价。然后,我们设计了一种机制来确定动态意义上的激励兼容支付。从长远来看,由此产生的在线机制最大程度地提高了社会福利。报告了关于四车道交通交叉路口的数值实验,并将其与静态激励兼容的机制进行了比较。我们的发现表明,静态激励兼容的机制可能会导致用户误报出其延迟成本。反过来,提出的在线机制在动态意义上被证明是激励兼容的。
We present novel online mechanisms for traffic intersection auctions in which users bid for priority service. We assume that users at the front of their lane are requested to declare their delay cost, i.e. value of time, and that users are serviced in decreasing order of declared delay cost. Since users are expected to arrive dynamically at traffic intersections, static pricing approaches may fail to estimate user expected waiting time accurately, and lead to non-strategyproof payments. To address this gap, we propose two Markov chain models to determine the expected waiting time of participants in the auction. Both models take into account the probability of future arrivals at the intersection. In a first model, we assume that the probability of future arrivals is uniform across lanes of the intersection. This queue-based model only tracks the number of lower- and higher-bidding users on access lanes, and the number of empty lanes. The uniformness assumption is relaxed in a second, lane-based model which accounts for lane-specific user arrival probabilities at the expense of an extended state space. We then design a mechanism to determine incentive-compatible payments in the dynamic sense. The resulting online mechanisms maximize social welfare in the long run. Numerical experiments on a four-lane traffic intersection are reported and compared to a static incentive-compatible mechanism. Our findings show that static incentive-compatible mechanisms may lead users to misreport their delay costs. In turn, the proposed online mechanisms are shown to be incentive-compatible in the dynamic sense.