论文标题
宇宙黎明
Blazars at the Cosmic Dawn
论文作者
论文摘要
高红移（$ z \ gtrsim3 $）的未知领域宇宙是了解类星体演变的关键。为了确定类星体种群中最极端的成员，即Blazars，我们已经对$ z = 3 $的大量无线电大型类星体进行了多波长研究。我们的样本包括9 $γ$ - 检测到的Blazars和133个候选Blazars根据其软X射线光谱的平坦度（0.3 $ -10 Kev Photon Index $ \ leq1.75 $），其中包括15个具有Nustar观测值的。似然曲线堆叠技术的应用表明，高红移的大麻是微弱的$γ$ ray-ray发射器，具有陡峭的光谱。高红色速度闪电是寄托着巨大的黑洞（$ \ langle \ log〜m _ {\ rm bh，〜m {\ odot}}} \ rangle> 9 $）和发光积聚磁盘（$ \ langle l _ {\ rm disk}发现它们的宽带光谱分布由高能辐射主导，表明它们的喷气机是最发光的辐射。专注于表现出已解决的X射线喷气机的来源（如Chandra卫星所观察到的），我们发现相对于其他$ z> 3 $ blazars而言，散装的洛伦兹因子更大，表明移动喷气机更快。我们得出的结论是，提出的高红色大麻列表可以充当后续观察的水库，例如，与Nustar一起，了解相对论喷气机在宇宙黎明时的演变。
The uncharted territory of the high-redshift ($z\gtrsim3$) Universe holds the key to understand the evolution of quasars. In an attempt to identify the most extreme members of the quasar population, i.e., blazars, we have carried out a multi-wavelength study of a large sample of radio-loud quasars beyond $z=3$. Our sample consists of 9 $γ$-ray detected blazars and 133 candidate blazars selected based on the flatness of their soft X-ray spectra (0.3$-$10 keV photon index $\leq1.75$), including 15 with NuSTAR observations. The application of the likelihood profile stacking technique reveals that the high-redshift blazars are faint $γ$-ray emitters with steep spectra. The high-redshift blazars host massive black holes ($\langle \log~M_{\rm BH,~M{\odot}} \rangle>9$) and luminous accretion disks ($\langle L_{\rm disk} \rangle>10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$). Their broadband spectral energy distributions are found to be dominated by high-energy radiation indicating their jets to be among the most luminous ones. Focusing on the sources exhibiting resolved X-ray jets (as observed with the Chandra satellite), we find the bulk Lorentz factor to be larger with respect to other $z>3$ blazars, indicating faster moving jets. We conclude that the presented list of the high-redshift blazars may act as a reservoir for follow-up observations, e.g., with NuSTAR, to understand the evolution of relativistic jets at the dawn of the Universe.
