论文标题
职位流离失所对收入的异构影响
Heterogeneous Effects of Job Displacement on Earnings
论文作者
论文摘要
本文考虑了工作流离失所的影响如何在不同的个体之间变化。特别是,我们的兴趣集中在工作流离失所的个体级别效应的特征上。识别此分布的特征特别具有挑战性 - 例如,即使我们可以随机分配工人是否被取代,我们认为的许多参数都无法确定。我们利用对面板数据的访问权限,我们的方法依赖于将流离失所者的结果与结果进行比较,如果他们没有流离失所,那么他们在收益分配中保持与流离失所之前的分配相同。使用流离失所者调查的数据,我们发现流离失所的工人平均每周收入约157美元,比没有流离失所的情况下的收入要比他们所获得的。我们还发现存在实质性的异质性。我们估计,有42%的工人的收入比没有流离失所的工人高,并且很大一部分工人的负面影响要比平均流离失所更大。最后,我们还记录了跨教育水平,性别,年龄和反事实收入水平的工作流离失所效应的分布的主要差异。在整个论文中,我们严重依赖分位数回归。首先,我们将分位数回归用作有条件分布的灵活(但可行)的第一步估计器和我们的主要结果基于的分位数函数。我们还使用分位数回归来研究协变量如何影响工作位移的个体级别效应的分布。
This paper considers how the effect of job displacement varies across different individuals. In particular, our interest centers on features of the distribution of the individual-level effect of job displacement. Identifying features of this distribution is particularly challenging -- e.g., even if we could randomly assign workers to be displaced or not, many of the parameters that we consider would not be point identified. We exploit our access to panel data, and our approach relies on comparing outcomes of displaced workers to outcomes the same workers would have experienced if they had not been displaced and if they maintained the same rank in the distribution of earnings as they had before they were displaced. Using data from the Displaced Workers Survey, we find that displaced workers earn about $157 per week less, on average, than they would have earned if they had not been displaced. We also find that there is substantial heterogeneity. We estimate that 42% of workers have higher earnings than they would have had if they had not been displaced and that a large fraction of workers have experienced substantially more negative effects than the average effect of displacement. Finally, we also document major differences in the distribution of the effect of job displacement across education levels, sex, age, and counterfactual earnings levels. Throughout the paper, we rely heavily on quantile regression. First, we use quantile regression as a flexible (yet feasible) first step estimator of conditional distributions and quantile functions that our main results build on. We also use quantile regression to study how covariates affect the distribution of the individual-level effect of job displacement.