论文标题

Starburst NGC 253的超级明星簇中的分子ISM

The Molecular ISM in the Super Star Clusters of the Starburst NGC 253

论文作者

Krieger, Nico, Bolatto, Alberto D., Leroy, Adam K., Levy, Rebecca C., Mills, Elisabeth A. C., Meier, David S., Ott, Jürgen, Veilleux, Sylvain, Walter, Fabian, Weiß, Axel

论文摘要

我们介绍了Leroy等人确定的附近Galaxy NGC 253的Starbursting中心的(原始)超级星团(SSC)候选的(SSC)候选者的亚毫升光谱。 (2018)。我们的ALMA周期3观测值的2.5%分辨率接近SSC的大小,并允许研究这些来源中分子气体的物理和化学性质。在14个SSC来源和频率中,342.0-345.8 GHz和353.9-357.7 GHz我们检测到属于19种不同化学物种的55条线。 SSC在化学复杂性方面有显着差异,其中最富有的簇显示了19种,最低的复合物显示了4种。我们检测HCN同位素和异构体(H $^{13} $ CN,HC $^{15} $ n,H $^{15} $ nc),丰富的HC $ _3 $ n,SO sO sO sO sO sO s $^{18} $ o,so $ _2 $,以及h $ _2 $ cs。气比率CO/HCN,CO/HCO $^+$低约1-10,这意味着SSC中的高密度气体分数。线比分析表明化学与光子为主导的区域和机械加热一致。银河中心的显示线比率都没有暗示X射线主导区域的SSC,这表明任何(仍然未知)AGN的供暖不起作用。在大多数来源,气体温度较高,平均旋转温度约为130 K,因此$ _2 $。振动激发的HCN和HC $ _3 $ n的过渡的广泛存在意味着强大的IR辐射场,由于高连续体的不透明性而可能被温室效应所捕获。

We present submillimeter spectra of the (proto-)super star cluster (SSC) candidates in the starbursting center of the nearby galaxy NGC 253 identified by Leroy et al. (2018). The 2.5pc resolution of our ALMA cycle 3 observations approach the size of the SSCs and allows the study of physical and chemical properties of the molecular gas in these sources. In the 14 SSC sources and in the frequency ranges 342.0-345.8 GHz and 353.9-357.7 GHz we detect 55 lines belonging to 19 different chemical species. The SSCs differ significantly in chemical complexity, with the richest clusters showing 19 species and the least complex showing 4 species. We detect HCN isotopologues and isomers (H$^{13}$CN, HC$^{15}$N, H$^{15}$NC), abundant HC$_3$N, SO and S$^{18}$O, SO$_2$, and H$_2$CS. The gas ratios CO/HCN, CO/HCO$^+$ are low, ~1-10, implying high dense gas fractions in the SSCs. Line ratio analyses suggests chemistry consistent with photon-dominated regions and mechanical heating. None of the SSCs near the galaxy center show line ratios that imply an X-ray dominated region, suggesting that heating by any (still unknown) AGN does not play a major role. The gas temperatures are high in most sources, with an average rotational temperature of ~130 K in SO$_2$. The widespread existence of vibrationally excited HCN and HC$_3$N transitions implies strong IR radiation fields, potentially trapped by a greenhouse effect due to high continuum opacities.

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