论文标题

Peregrinn:惩罚性 - 放松贪婪的神经网络验证器

PEREGRiNN: Penalized-Relaxation Greedy Neural Network Verifier

论文作者

Khedr, Haitham, Ferlez, James, Shoukry, Yasser

论文摘要

神经网络(NNS)具有越来越明显的安全性,与它们在现实世界中的扩散相称:意外和对抗性错误都可能导致致命的结果。因此,正式验证的技术被认为对安全NNS的设计和部署至关重要。在本文中,我们介绍了一种新方法,以正式验证Relu NNS最常见的安全规范 - 即网络输入和输出的多重规格。像其他方法一样,我们的方法使用轻松的凸面程序来减轻问题的组合复杂性。但是,我们的方法中的独特之处在于我们不仅将凸求解器作为线性可行性检查器,而且是惩罚解决方案中允许的放松量的方法。特别是,我们通过通常的线性约束来编码每个曲线,并将其与凸目标函数结合使用,以惩罚每个神经元的输出及其放松之间的差异。该凸功能进一步结构,以迫使最大的松弛显示最接近输入层。这提供了进一步的好处,即在逐层调节时,最有问题的神经元尽早得到调节。可以利用这种范式来创建一种验证算法,该算法一般而言,该算法通常比竞争方法更快,而且还能够验证更大的安全性能。我们在标准的MNIST鲁棒性验证套件上评估了Peregrinn,以证实这些主张。

Neural Networks (NNs) have increasingly apparent safety implications commensurate with their proliferation in real-world applications: both unanticipated as well as adversarial misclassifications can result in fatal outcomes. As a consequence, techniques of formal verification have been recognized as crucial to the design and deployment of safe NNs. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to formally verify the most commonly considered safety specifications for ReLU NNs -- i.e. polytopic specifications on the input and output of the network. Like some other approaches, ours uses a relaxed convex program to mitigate the combinatorial complexity of the problem. However, unique in our approach is the way we use a convex solver not only as a linear feasibility checker, but also as a means of penalizing the amount of relaxation allowed in solutions. In particular, we encode each ReLU by means of the usual linear constraints, and combine this with a convex objective function that penalizes the discrepancy between the output of each neuron and its relaxation. This convex function is further structured to force the largest relaxations to appear closest to the input layer; this provides the further benefit that the most problematic neurons are conditioned as early as possible, when conditioning layer by layer. This paradigm can be leveraged to create a verification algorithm that is not only faster in general than competing approaches, but is also able to verify considerably more safety properties; we evaluated PEREGRiNN on a standard MNIST robustness verification suite to substantiate these claims.

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