论文标题
DIFFRNN:复发神经网络的差异验证
DiffRNN: Differential Verification of Recurrent Neural Networks
论文作者
论文摘要
长期记忆(LSTM)网络等经常性神经网络(RNN)在各种应用程序中变得流行,例如图像处理,数据分类,语音识别以及作为自主系统中的控制器。在实际设置中,通常需要在资源受限的平台(例如手机或嵌入式设备)上部署此类RNN。随着这种组件的记忆足迹和能耗成为一种瓶颈,因此有兴趣使用一系列启发式技术来压缩和优化此类网络。但是,这些技术不能保证优化网络的安全性,例如,针对对抗性输入或优化和原始网络的等效性。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了DIFFRNN,这是RNN的第一种差异验证方法,证明了两个结构相似的神经网络的等效性。有关较低馈送神经网络的差异验证的现有工作不适用于无法避免使用sigmoid和tanh等非线性激活功能的RNN。 RNN还提出了独特的挑战,例如处理顺序输入,复杂的反馈结构以及大门与状态之间的相互作用。在DIFFRNN中,我们通过将非线性激活函数与线性约束来克服这些挑战,然后解决受约束的优化问题,以计算高维空间中非线性表面上的紧密边界框。然后使用DREAL SMT求解器证明了这些边界框的健全性。我们证明了我们技术对各种基准测试的实际功效,并表明Diffrnn优于Popqorn等最先进的RNN验证工具。
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) such as Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become popular in a variety of applications such as image processing, data classification, speech recognition, and as controllers in autonomous systems. In practical settings, there is often a need to deploy such RNNs on resource-constrained platforms such as mobile phones or embedded devices. As the memory footprint and energy consumption of such components become a bottleneck, there is interest in compressing and optimizing such networks using a range of heuristic techniques. However, these techniques do not guarantee the safety of the optimized network, e.g., against adversarial inputs, or equivalence of the optimized and original networks. To address this problem, we propose DIFFRNN, the first differential verification method for RNNs to certify the equivalence of two structurally similar neural networks. Existing work on differential verification for ReLUbased feed-forward neural networks does not apply to RNNs where nonlinear activation functions such as Sigmoid and Tanh cannot be avoided. RNNs also pose unique challenges such as handling sequential inputs, complex feedback structures, and interactions between the gates and states. In DIFFRNN, we overcome these challenges by bounding nonlinear activation functions with linear constraints and then solving constrained optimization problems to compute tight bounding boxes on nonlinear surfaces in a high-dimensional space. The soundness of these bounding boxes is then proved using the dReal SMT solver. We demonstrate the practical efficacy of our technique on a variety of benchmarks and show that DIFFRNN outperforms state-of-the-art RNN verification tools such as POPQORN.