论文标题
由物理粒子储层建造的非平衡大型典型合奏
Nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble built from a physical particle reservoir
论文作者
论文摘要
我们引入了通过考虑与非平衡粒子储层接触的驱动颗粒系统的固定状态来定义的非平衡大型典型集合。与其平衡的对应物，或纯粹的宏伟典型合奏的正式结构不一致，这种有力动机的结构产生了宏伟的典型分布，取决于系统与储层之间的接触动态细节。对于非相互作用的驱动颗粒，仍然可以定义宏伟的典型化学电位，尽管现在该化学势与储层不同。但是，在一般情况下，定义大型化学电位的通常的指数因子（在粒子数中）被密度的非线性函数的指数取代，该功能与体积成正比。在一维晶格模型上明确说明了这种情况。尽管在这种情况下不再定义大型典型化学电位，但接触动力的子类有可能通过引入系统和储层之间的较小的外部电位差来概括平衡波动 - 响应关系。
We introduce a nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble defined by considering the stationary state of a driven system of particles put in contact with a nonequilibrium particle reservoir. At odds with its equilibrium counterpart, or with purely formal constructions of a grand-canonical ensemble, this physically-motivated construction yields a grand-canonical distribution that depends on the details of the contact dynamics between the system and the reservoir. For non-interacting driven particles, a grand-canonical chemical potential can still be defined, although this chemical potential now differs from that of the reservoir. However, in the general case, the usual exponential factor (in the particle number) defining the grand-canonical chemical potential, is replaced by the exponential of a non-linear function of the density, this function being proportional to the volume. This case is illustrated explicitly on a one-dimensional lattice model. Although a grand-canonical chemical potential can no longer be defined in this case, it is possible for a subclass of contact dynamics to generalize the equilibrium fluctuation-response relation by introducing a small external potential difference between the system and the reservoir.
