论文标题
扎实的行星感觉到扭矩
Torques felt by solid accreting planets
论文作者
论文摘要
由于尘埃 - 气相互作用的综合作用和行星的引力吸引力，蛋白盘的固体物质围绕低质量行星（M_P <= 10m_earth）形成了不对称的模式。最近，已经表明，尽管与原星盘中的气体相比，总固体质量可以忽略不计，但某些尺寸的固体物种可以出现正扭矩。扭矩幅度可以克服可能导致外向行星迁移的气体。在这项研究中，我们表明，行星对固体物种的积聚增强了固体扭矩的幅度为正或负。我们对原球盘中嵌入的低质量行星进行二维高分辨率（1.5KX3K）全局流体动力模拟。固体材料被处理为无压液体。通过M_P <0.3m_earth Protoplanet对耦合良好的固体物种的强大积聚会导致形成如此强烈的不对称的固体模式，接近地球，阳性固体扭矩可以克服气体两次。然而，卵石状态中固体的积聚会导致原球星的幅度增加负扭矩，并增强了地球质量行星的正扭矩。对于M_P> = 3M_EARTH行星，固体扭矩的幅度为正，但是与所研究的吸积强度无关。我们得出的结论是，固体积聚行星的迁移可以大大脱离规范的I型预测。
The solid material of protoplanetary discs forms an asymmetric pattern around a low-mass planet (M_p<=10M_Earth) due to the combined effect of dust-gas interaction and the gravitational attraction of the planet. Recently, it has been shown that although the total solid mass is negligible compared to that of gas in protoplanetary discs, a positive torque can be emerged by a certain size solid species. The torque magnitude can overcome that of gas which may result in outward planetary migration. In this study, we show that the accretion of solid species by the planet strengthens the magnitude of solid torque being either positive or negative. We run two-dimensional, high-resolution (1.5Kx3K) global hydrodynamic simulations of an embedded low-mass planet in a protoplanetary disc. The solid material is handled as a pressureless fluid. Strong accretion of well-coupled solid species by a M_p<0.3M_Earth protoplanet results in the formation of such a strongly asymmetric solid pattern close to the planet that the positive solid torque can overcome that of gas by two times. However, the accretion of solids in the pebble regime results in increased magnitude negative torque felt by protoplanets and strengthened positive torque for Earth-mass planets. For M_p>=3M_Earth planets the magnitude of the solid torque is positive, however, independent of the accretion strength investigated. We conclude that the migration of solid accreting planets can be substantially departed from the canonical type-I prediction.
