论文标题
单个旋转粒子作为热发动机
A Single Gyrotropic Particle as a Heat Engine
论文作者
论文摘要
我们证明了由热平衡与真空中的旋转颗粒组成的系统可以被视为热发动机。这种粒子最初在静止状态，会经历波动引起的扭矩并开始旋转，从而从粒子及其环境的温度差异中产生机械工作。我们严格地证明，加热发动机的效率受Carnot效率紧密束缚。我们还预测，可以在磁场下使用沉重的半导体纳米颗粒来构建这种发动机，此外，粒子可以仅由于热波动而以稳态旋转频率到达稳态旋转频率。
We demonstrate that the system composed of a gyrotropic particle out of thermal equilibrium with vacuum can be regarded as a heat engine. Such a particle, initially at rest, will experience a fluctuation-induced torque and start to rotate, producing mechanical work out from the temperature difference of the particle and its environment. We rigorously prove that the efficiency of the heat engine is tightly bound by the Carnot efficiency. We also predict that, such an engine can be constructed using a heavily-doped semiconductor nanoparticle under magnetic field, and moreover the particle can reach at a steady-state rotating frequency in the order of terahertz solely due to thermal fluctuations.
