论文标题

通过最佳控制优化放松路线

Optimising the relaxation route with optimal control

论文作者

Prados, A.

论文摘要

我们研究了非平衡稳态之间的连接时间的最小化。作为本质上非平衡系统的原型示例,考虑了驱动的颗粒气。对于时间无关的驾驶,其自然的放松时间尺度以经验 - 放松函数(以及理论上的 - 最近派生的经典速度限制)的特征。使用控制理论,我们发现Bang-Bang协议包括两个步骤,并以零驾驶的最大驾驶和冷却值加热 - 最小化连接时间。爆炸时间比经验放松时间和经典速度限制要短:从这个意义上讲,自然的放松时间尺度被击败。还分析了这些最佳协议的信息理论数量。在颗粒气体动力学的数值模拟中,实施Bang-bang过程与理论预测非常一致。此外,讨论了一系列驱动的非平衡系统的总体含义。具体而言,我们表明,类似的爆炸协议,其刘海等于相关物理变量的数量,在相当一般的条件下给出了最小连接时间。

We look into the minimisation of the connection time between non-equilibrium steady states. As a prototypical example of an intrinsically non-equilibrium system, a driven granular gas is considered. For time-independent driving, its natural time scale for relaxation is characterised from an empirical -- the relaxation function -- and a theoretical -- the recently derived classical speed limits -- point of view. Using control theory, we find that bang-bang protocols -- comprising two steps, heating with the largest possible value of the driving and cooling with zero driving -- minimise the connecting time. The bang-bang time is shorter than both the empirical relaxation time and the classical speed limit: in this sense, the natural time scale for relaxation is beaten. Information theory quantities stemming from the Fisher information are also analysed over these optimal protocols. The implementation of the bang-bang processes in numerical simulations of the dynamics of the granular gas show an excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Moreover, general implications of our results are discussed for a wide class of driven non-equilibrium systems. Specifically, we show that analogous bang-bang protocols, with a number of bangs equal to the number of relevant physical variables, give the minimum connecting time under quite general conditions.

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