通过自我启动，KM3NET中微子望远镜检测单元的深海部署

论文标题

通过自我启动，KM3NET中微子望远镜检测单元的深海部署

Deep-sea deployment of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope detection units by self-unrolling

论文作者

The KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bakker, R., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Berbeen, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Billault, M., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caiffi, B., Caillat, L., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Corredoira, I., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzau, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabella, O., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gostiaux, L., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Guderian, D., Guidii, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., van Heerwaarden, J., Heijboer, A., Hekaloa, A., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hillebrand, T., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Ilioni, A., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Laan, M., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Laurence, J., Breton, R. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., LopezCotoa, D., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Mazzou, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Pérez, D. Muñoz, Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rivoire, S., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Taiutii, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Tézier, D., Thakore, T., Tingay, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Zywucka, N.

论文摘要

KM3NET是一项研究基础设施，该基础设施安装在深处地中海。它将容纳一个中微子望远镜，其中包括数百个网络系泊设备 - 检测单元或配备光学仪器的字符串，以检测由中微子诱导的碰撞所产生的Cherenkov辐射，其附近。与通常用于海洋学的系泊相比，KM3NET弦的几个关键特征是不同的：仪器包含在透明的玻璃球体中；两条细的Dyneema绳索用作强度成员。以及带有纤维透光和铜线的细腻的骨干管分别沿着系泊的全长延伸。同样，与贝加尔湖中地中海和GVD等其他中微子望远镜（例如Antares）相比，KM3NET串更苗条，以最大程度地减少用于支持光传感器的材料的量。此外，在几年内部署大量字符串的速度是前所未有的。由于所有这些原因，为了安装KM3NET字符串，设计了一种定制的快速部署方法。尽管长度为几百米，但弦的纤细设计使其可以将其压缩到一个可重复使用的球形发射车中，而不是从地面容器中部署系泊重量。将绳子放到海底后，绳子沿着两条绳索滚动，将绳子伸入其长度。在本文中详细介绍了车辆的设计，带有绳子的装载及其水下自我淘汰的设计。

KM3NeT is a research infrastructure being installed in the deep Mediterranean Sea. It will house a neutrino telescope comprising hundreds of networked moorings - detection units or strings equipped with optical instrumentation to detect the Cherenkov radiation generated by charged particles from neutrino-induced collisions in its vicinity. In comparison to moorings typically used for oceanography, several key features of the KM3NeT string are different: the instrumentation is contained in transparent and thus unprotected glass spheres; two thin Dyneema ropes are used as strength members; and a thin delicate backbone tube with fibre-optics and copper wires for data and power transmission, respectively, runs along the full length of the mooring. Also, compared to other neutrino telescopes such as ANTARES in the Mediterranean Sea and GVD in Lake Baikal, the KM3NeT strings are more slender to minimise the amount of material used for support of the optical sensors. Moreover, the rate of deploying a large number of strings in a period of a few years is unprecedented. For all these reasons, for the installation of the KM3NeT strings, a custom-made, fast deployment method was designed. Despite the length of several hundreds of metres, the slim design of the string allows it to be compacted into a small, re-usable spherical launching vehicle instead of deploying the mooring weight down from a surface vessel. After being lowered to the seafloor, the string unfurls to its full length with the buoyant launching vehicle rolling along the two ropes.The design of the vehicle, the loading with a string, and its underwater self-unrolling are detailed in this paper.

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