论文标题
通过利用自然,基于相对平滑度和跨编码的多播机会,多质量360 VR视频的最佳无线流量
Optimal Wireless Streaming of Multi-Quality 360 VR Video by Exploiting Natural, Relative Smoothness-enabled and Transcoding-enabled Multicast Opportunities
论文作者
论文摘要
在本文中,我们想调查从服务器到多个用户的多质量瓷砖360虚拟现实(VR)视频的最佳无线流。为此,我们建议通过有效利用用户方面的多质量瓷砖360 VR视频和计算资源的特征来最大程度地利用潜在的多播机会。特别是,我们考虑了一个视野(FOV)中质量变化的两个要求,即绝对平滑度要求和相对平滑度要求,以及两个视频播放模式,即直接播放模式(无用户转码)和transcode-play-playback模式(使用用户transcoding)。除了自然的多播机会外,我们还介绍了两种新型的多播机会,即相对支持平稳性的多播机会,从而可以在查看质量和沟通资源消耗以及启用了启用型的多播机会之间进行灵活的权衡,从而可以在计算和通信资源消耗之间进行灵活的权衡。然后,我们建立了一个新颖的数学模型,该模型反映了自然,相对平滑度和跨编码的多播机会对平均传输能量和转码能量的影响。基于此模型,我们优化了传输资源分配,播放质量水平选择和传输质量水平选择,以最大程度地减少对质量变化和视频播放模式不同要求的四种情况的能源消耗。通过比较四种情况下的最佳值,我们证明何时可以利用更多的多播机会。最后,数值结果表明,拟议的解决方案比现有方案的大幅增长,并证明了有效利用三种类型的多播机会的重要性。
In this paper, we would like to investigate optimal wireless streaming of a multi-quality tiled 360 virtual reality (VR) video from a server to multiple users. To this end, we propose to maximally exploit potential multicast opportunities by effectively utilizing characteristics of multi-quality tiled 360 VR videos and computation resources at the users' side. In particular, we consider two requirements for quality variation in one field-of-view (FoV), i.e., the absolute smoothness requirement and the relative smoothness requirement, and two video playback modes, i.e., the direct-playback mode (without user transcoding) and transcode-playback mode (with user transcoding). Besides natural multicast opportunities, we introduce two new types of multicast opportunities, namely, relative smoothness-enabled multicast opportunities, which allow flexible tradeoff between viewing quality and communications resource consumption, and transcoding-enabled multicast opportunities, which allow flexible tradeoff between computation and communications resource consumptions. Then, we establish a novel mathematical model that reflects the impacts of natural, relative smoothness-enabled and transcoding-enabled multicast opportunities on the average transmission energy and transcoding energy. Based on this model, we optimize the transmission resource allocation, playback quality level selection and transmission quality level selection to minimize the energy consumption in the four cases with different requirements for quality variation and video playback modes. By comparing the optimal values in the four cases, we prove that the energy consumption reduces when more multicast opportunities can be utilized. Finally, numerical results show substantial gains of the proposed solutions over existing schemes, and demonstrate the importance of effective exploitation of the three types of multicast opportunities.