论文标题

过去确定了吗?

Is the Past Determined?

论文作者

Zwirn, Hervé

论文摘要

在最近的一篇论文中,我反对几位作者用来解释延迟选择实验的时间效应。我给出了一个解释,表明从现在到过去都没有身体影响,并在测量之前修改了系统状态。但是,尽管在仅涉及一个粒子的延迟选择实验的情况下,该解决方案是直接的,但在涉及两个纠缠粒子的实验的情况下,它是微妙的,因为它们会导致EPR样的情况。考虑到测量不是系统的物理状态的实际变化,并且相对于观察者而言,当测量第一个系统时,时间效应既不落后,也不是第二系统的瞬时崩溃。在本文中,我想进一步研究这种考虑测量方法的后果,即我称之为欢乐的说制主义,并表明,即使从通常的意义上讲,即使在过去或过去没有物理效果,我们必须在某些情况下,我们必须考虑有时并不完全确定观察者的过去,并且只有在某些测量中才能确定某些测量。如果一个人知道每个观察者通过自己的测量来构建自己的世界(我称之为“欢乐说制中的惊人世界”),这与我们被视为每个人共享的共同世界不同,这种明显的矛盾就会消失。

In a recent paper, I argued against backward in time effects used by several authors to explain delayed choice experiments. I gave an explanation showing that there is no physical influence propagating from the present to the past and modifying the state of the system at a time previous to the measurement. However, though the solution is straightforward in the case of delayed choice experiments involving only one particle, it is subtler in the case of experiments involving two entangled particles because they give rise to EPR-like situations. Considering that a measurement is not an actual change of the physical state of a system and is relative to the observer allows to understand that there is neither backward in time effects nor instantaneous collapse of the second system when the first one is measured, as is often postulated.This allows also to get rid of any non-locality. In this paper, I want to go further into the consequences of this way of considering the measurement, that I have called Convivial Solipsism, and show that even if, in the usual sense, there is no physical effect of the present or of the future on the past, we must nevertheless consider that the observer's past is sometimes not entirely determined and that it becomes determined only when certain measurements are done latter. This apparent contradiction disappears if one understand that each observer builds, through her own measurements, her own world (that I call the phenomenal world in Convivial Solipsism) which is different from what we are used to consider as the common world shared by everybody.

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