论文标题

哈密​​顿的约束和不自由的量规对称性

Hamiltonian constraints and unfree gauge symmetry

论文作者

Abakumova, V. A., Lyakhovich, S. L.

论文摘要

我们研究仪表参数必须遵守微分方程的哈密顿量对称性的形式。我们考虑的一般情况是,Dirac-Bergmann算法不一定在次要约束下终止,并且可能会出现高等限制。鉴于所有世代的一流约束的互动关系,我们为汉密尔顿形式的不自由规格转换提供了明确的公式,包括约束量规参数的微分方程。所有具有不自由规格对称性的现场理论都具有共同的特征:它们承认“全球运动常数”,因此不取决于当地的自由度。最简单的例子是单型重力中的宇宙常数。我们认为这些常数是模块化参数,而不是保守的量。我们提供了识别所有模块化参数的系统方法。我们证明,模块化参数有助于哈密顿的约束,而它们并未明确参与该动作。对不自由规格对称性的哈密顿分析是通过对拉格朗日类似物的简短讲述的,包括明确的自由度数量计数的公式。我们还针对不自由量规对称的情况调整了BFV-BRST HAMILTON量化方法。主要区别在于非最小部门和量规固定程序的内容。一般的形式主义用符号对称参数符合横向方程的不可还原旋转$ s $的无曲张球场举例说明。

We study Hamiltonian form of unfree gauge symmetry where the gauge parameters have to obey differential equations. We consider the general case such that the Dirac-Bergmann algorithm does not necessarily terminate at secondary constraints, and tertiary and higher order constraints may arise. Given the involution relations for the first-class constraints of all generations, we provide explicit formulas for unfree gauge transformations in the Hamiltonian form, including the differential equations constraining gauge parameters. All the field theories with unfree gauge symmetry share the common feature: they admit sort of "global constants of motion" such that do not depend on the local degrees of freedom. The simplest example is the cosmological constant in the unimodular gravity. We consider these constants as modular parameters rather than conserved quantities. We provide a systematic way of identifying all the modular parameters. We demonstrate that the modular parameters contribute to the Hamiltonian constraints, while they are not explicitly involved in the action. The Hamiltonian analysis of the unfree gauge symmetry is precessed by a brief exposition for the Lagrangian analogue, including explicitly covariant formula for degrees of freedom number count. We also adjust the BFV-BRST Hamiltonian quantization method for the case of unfree gauge symmetry. The main distinction is in the content of the non-minimal sector and gauge fixing procedure. The general formalism is exemplified by traceless tensor fields of irreducible spin $s$ with the gauge symmetry parameters obeying transversality equations.

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