论文标题
使用Muse利用HST:I。2 Gyr-Old Gruster NGC 1978中的钠粉丰度变化
Leveraging HST with MUSE: I. Sodium abundance variations within the 2 Gyr-old cluster NGC 1978
论文作者
论文摘要
几乎所有研究的古老的球状簇(GC),以银河系和附近的星系为单位,在特定元素(例如He,C,N,O,Na,Al)中显示出星到明星的变化,称为“多个种群”(MPS)。但是,国会议员不仅限于古代群集,大量簇降至$ \ sim2 $ gyr,显示出化学变化的迹象。这表明年轻的和老式的群集具有相同的形成机制,但是迄今为止,大多数在年轻群集上的工作都集中在n变量上。最初的研究甚至表明,年轻的簇可能不会在n(例如NA)以外的其他元素中占据差异,质疑这些丰度变化是否具有与较旧的GC中相同的起源。在这项工作中,我们将HST光度法与VLT/MUSE Spectroscopicy结合在一起,大型RGB恒星样本(338)在大型麦哲伦云簇NGC NGC 1978中,迄今为止最年轻的球形,迄今为止的最年轻的球形,以N-Spreads的形式报告了MPS。通过将单个RGB恒星的光谱相结合到基于HST的“染色体图”中的N正常和N增强样品中,我们可以寻找平均丰度变化。基于NAD线,我们发现人群之间的NA差异为$δ$ [Na/fe] $ = 0.07 \ pm0.01 $。尽管这种差异比古代GC中通常发现的差异要小(这可能暗示与年龄有相关性),但该结果进一步证实了MP现象是相同的,无论群集年龄和宿主星系如何。因此,这些年轻的群集对国会议员起源的理论提供了一些最严格的测试。
Nearly all of the well studied ancient globular clusters (GCs), in the Milky Way and in nearby galaxies, show star-to-star variations in specific elements (e.g., He, C, N, O, Na, Al), known as "multiple populations" (MPs). However, MPs are not restricted to ancient clusters, with massive clusters down to $\sim2$ Gyr showing signs of chemical variations. This suggests that young and old clusters share the same formation mechanism but most of the work to date on younger clusters has focused on N-variations. Initial studies even suggested that younger clusters may not host spreads in other elements beyond N (e.g., Na), calling into question whether these abundance variations share the same origin as in the older GCs. In this work, we combine HST photometry with VLT/MUSE spectroscopy of a large sample of RGB stars (338) in the Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 1978, the youngest globular to date with reported MPs in the form of N-spreads. By combining the spectra of individual RGB stars into N-normal and N-enhanced samples, based on the "chromosome map" derived from HST, we search for mean abundance variations. Based on the NaD line, we find a Na-difference of $Δ$[Na/Fe]$=0.07\pm0.01$ between the populations. While this difference is smaller than typically found in ancient GCs (which may suggest a correlation with age), this result further confirms that the MP phenomenon is the same, regardless of cluster age and host galaxy. As such, these young clusters offer some of the strictest tests for theories on the origin of MPs.