论文标题
荷鲁斯:使用传感器融合来结合基础设施和板载传感,以提高自动驾驶汽车安全
Horus: Using Sensor Fusion to Combine Infrastructure and On-board Sensing to Improve Autonomous Vehicle Safety
论文作者
论文摘要
研究预测,对自动驾驶汽车的需求将在2019年至2026年之间增加十倍。但是,最近的备受瞩目的事故严重影响了消费者对这项技术的信心。许多此类事故的原因可以追溯到这些车辆无法正确地感知即将发生的危险。作为回应,制造商一直在改善已经广泛的车载传感器套件,以确保系统始终可以访问确保安全导航所需的数据。但是,这些传感器套件仅从车辆的角度提供视图,因此,自动驾驶汽车仍然需要频繁的人工干预才能确保安全。 为了解决这个问题,我开发了一个名为Horus的系统,该系统结合了车载和基础设施的传感器,以提供对环境的更完整视图,包括车辆看不到的区域。我构建了一个小规模的实验测试床作为概念证明。我对传感器故障影响的测量表明,即使在缓慢速度(25 km/hr缩放的速度)下,即使停电(1秒)也可以阻止依靠车载传感器正确导航的车辆。我的实验还表明,荷鲁斯大大提高了驾驶安全性,传感器融合算法选择在导航质量中起着重要作用。只有一对基础架构传感器,荷鲁斯可以忍受40%的时间失败并仍然安全导航的传感器。这些结果是迈向更安全的自动驾驶汽车的前一步。
Studies predict that demand for autonomous vehicles will increase tenfold between 2019 and 2026. However, recent high-profile accidents have significantly impacted consumer confidence in this technology. The cause for many of these accidents can be traced back to the inability of these vehicles to correctly sense the impending danger. In response, manufacturers have been improving the already extensive on-vehicle sensor packages to ensure that the system always has access to the data necessary to ensure safe navigation. However, these sensor packages only provide a view from the vehicle's perspective and, as a result, autonomous vehicles still require frequent human intervention to ensure safety. To address this issue, I developed a system, called Horus, that combines on-vehicle and infrastructure-based sensors to provide a more complete view of the environment, including areas not visible from the vehicle. I built a small-scale experimental testbed as a proof of concept. My measurements of the impact of sensor failures showed that even short outages (1 second) at slow speeds (25 km/hr scaled velocity) prevents vehicles that rely on on-vehicle sensors from navigating properly. My experiments also showed that Horus dramatically improves driving safety and that the sensor fusion algorithm selected plays a significant role in the quality of the navigation. With just a pair of infrastructure sensors, Horus could tolerate sensors that fail 40% of the time and still navigate safely. These results are a promising first step towards safer autonomous vehicles.