论文标题
可集成系统的统计力学
Statistical mechanics of an integrable system
论文作者
论文摘要
我们在这里提供了一个明确的例子,即Khinchin的想法是,高维系统中平衡统计力学的有效性不取决于动力学的细节。这一观点得到了对一维TODA链的广泛数值模拟,这是一种可集成的非线性汉密尔顿系统,所有Lyapunov指数均为零。我们研究了从非常非典型的初始条件开始的均衡,并专注于傅立叶模式之间的能量均衡,如原始的Fermi-Pasta-Pasta-ulam-Tsingou数值实验所做的那样。我们发现有证据表明,在一般情况下,即,在扰动性方面,toda和傅立叶模式彼此接近,就单个温度而言,热平衡很快就达到了。我们还发现,平衡波动,特别是特定热作为温度函数的行为,与来自普通吉布斯集团的分析预测一致,仍然与Toda模型的广义Gibbs集合的确定有效性没有冲突。因此,我们的结果表明,即使是可观察到的可观察到的可观察结果并不十分取决于一个或几个保守量,也可以在恒定的能量超表面上进行热化。这表明动态混乱与大$ n $限制中的热化无关,其中任何宏观可观察的可观察到的是集体变量,相对于坐标,将哈密顿的对角线化。最后,我们的结果与通用量子系统中的热化问题(即不可综合的量子系统)相关的可能性在最后。
We provide here an explicit example of Khinchin's idea that the validity of equilibrium statistical mechanics in high dimensional systems does not depend on the details of the dynamics. This point of view is supported by extensive numerical simulation of the one-dimensional Toda chain, an integrable non-linear Hamiltonian system where all Lyapunov exponents are zero by definition. We study the relaxation to equilibrium starting from very atypical initial conditions and focusing on energy equipartion among Fourier modes, as done in the original Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou numerical experiment. We find evidence that in the general case, i.e., not in the perturbative regime where Toda and Fourier modes are close to each other, there is a fast reaching of thermal equilibrium in terms of a single temperature. We also find that equilibrium fluctuations, in particular the behaviour of specific heat as function of temperature, are in agreement with analytic predictions drawn from the ordinary Gibbs ensemble, still having no conflict with the established validity of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble for the Toda model. Our results suggest thus that even an integrable Hamiltonian system reaches thermalization on the constant energy hypersurface, provided that the considered observables do not strongly depend on one or few of the conserved quantities. This suggests that dynamical chaos is irrelevant for thermalization in the large-$N$ limit, where any macroscopic observable reads of as a collective variable with respect to the coordinate which diagonalize the Hamiltonian. The possibility for our results to be relevant for the problem of thermalization in generic quantum systems, i.e., non-integrable ones, is commented at the end.