论文标题
标量Langevin场理论的稳态熵生产率
Steady state entropy production rate for scalar Langevin field theories
论文作者
论文摘要
熵生产率(EPR)提供了在非平衡系统中时间逆转对称性破坏的定量度量。它可以在粒子水平或粗粒磁场(例如密度)的水平上定义;后者的EPR量化了这些粗粒磁场的行为不可逆转的程度。在这项工作中,我们首先开发了一种通用方法来计算具有添加噪声的标量兰格文理论的EPR。这种大类的理论包括模型A(非保守密度动力学)和模型B(保守)的活动版本,以及同时存在两种动力学的模型(例如模型AB)。将标量字段$ ϕ $(及其时间导数$ \ dotϕ $)视为唯一可观察的(s),我们得出了EPR的表达式,该表达式对于每种字段配置都是非负的,并且在动力学的时间 - 隔离组件中是典型的。我们的一般表达式是准能力的函数,它决定了配置的完整概率分布,并且通常不可计算。为了减轻这一困难,我们提出了EPR的小噪声扩展,该扩展仅需要在稳态下对标量场的确定性(平均场)解决方案的了解,至少在数值上可以计算出来。我们证明了模型AB情况的计算。然后,我们对模型AB提出了类似的EPR计算,其保守性和非保守贡献对$ \ dotϕ = \ dotϕ _ {\ rm a} + \ dotx_ {\ rm b} $被视为单独观察的数量。结果在质上有所不同,证实了场级EPR取决于在动态描述中保留的粗粒信息的选择。
The entropy production rate (EPR) offers a quantitative measure of time reversal symmetry breaking in non-equilibrium systems. It can be defined either at particle level or at the level of coarse-grained fields such as density; the EPR for the latter quantifies the extent to which these coarse-grained fields behave irreversibly. In this work, we first develop a general method to compute the EPR of scalar Langevin field theories with additive noise. This large class of theories includes active versions of Model A (non-conserved density dynamics) and Model B (conserved) and also models where both types of dynamics are simultaneously present (such as Model AB). Treating the scalar field $ϕ$ (and its time derivative $\dotϕ$) as the sole observable(s), we arrive at an expression for the EPR that is non-negative for every field configuration and is quadratic in the time-antisymmetric component of the dynamics. Our general expression is a function of the quasipotential, which determines the full probability distribution for configurations, and is not generally calculable. To alleviate this difficulty, we present a small-noise expansion of the EPR, which only requires knowledge of the deterministic (mean-field) solution for the scalar field in steady state, which generally is calculable, at least numerically. We demonstrate this calculation for the case of Model AB. We then present a similar EPR calculation for Model AB with the conservative and non-conservative contributions to $\dotϕ= \dotϕ_{\rm A} + \dotϕ_{\rm B}$ viewed as separately observable quantities. The results are qualitatively different, confirming that the field-level EPR depends on the choice of coarse-grained information retained within the dynamical description.