论文标题
将电池老化整合到对电动汽车的双向充电优化中
Integrating Battery Aging in the Optimization for Bidirectional Charging of Electric Vehicles
论文作者
论文摘要
电动汽车（EVS）的智能充电可降低运营成本，可提供更多可持续的电池使用，并促进电动移动性的升高。此外，双向充电和改善的连接性可提供有效的电网支持。然而，今天，不协调的充电，例如由用户习惯支配，仍然是常态。因此，即将到来的智能充电应用程序的影响大多是未开发的。我们旨在估计智能充电固有的支出，例如电池老化的成本，并提供进一步研究的建议。使用典型的板载传感器数据，我们简洁地建模并验证电动汽车电池。然后，我们将电池模型集成到现实的智能充电用例中，并将其与实际电动汽车充电的测量进行比较。结果表明，i）电池老化的温度依赖性需要精确的热模型，以充电大于7 kW，ii）忽略电池老化的情况下，电池老化低估了EVS的运营成本。 30％和iii）基于双向功率流的车辆到网格（V2G）服务的盈利能力，例如能源套利，取决于电池老化的成本和电价差。
Smart charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) reduces operating costs, allows more sustainable battery usage, and promotes the rise of electric mobility. In addition, bidirectional charging and improved connectivity enables efficient power grid support. Today, however, uncoordinated charging, e.g. governed by users' habits, is still the norm. Thus, the impact of upcoming smart charging applications is mostly unexplored. We aim to estimate the expenses inherent with smart charging, e.g. battery aging costs, and give suggestions for further research. Using typical on-board sensor data we concisely model and validate an EV battery. We then integrate the battery model into a realistic smart charging use case and compare it with measurements of real EV charging. The results show that i) the temperature dependence of battery aging requires precise thermal models for charging power greater than 7 kW, ii) disregarding battery aging underestimates EVs' operating costs by approx. 30%, and iii) the profitability of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) services based on bidirectional power flow, e.g. energy arbitrage, depends on battery aging costs and the electricity price spread.
