论文标题
超速一维玻璃和费米气体中的量子深孤子
Quantum dark solitons in ultracold one-dimensional Bose and Fermi gases
论文作者
论文摘要
孤子是普遍存在的现象，在海啸波，纤维通信和超低原子气体的描述中出现。后者的系统原来是对量子世界中Mate-Wave Soliton进行调查的绝佳游乐场。本教程提供了一维空间中超速触点相互作用的玻色和费米系统的一般概述，该空间可以由著名的Lieb-Liniger和Yang-Gaudin模型来描述。两种量子多体系统均可通过伯特·安萨兹（Bethe Ansatz）技术可以解决，这使我们有可能研究孤子激发的量子性质。我们详细讨论了一种称为yrast状态的特定量子多体激发本征的特定类型的量子，并表明它们与所考虑的玻色和费米系统中的量子暗孤子密切相关。
Solitons are ubiquitous phenomena that appear, among others, in the description of tsunami waves, fiber-optic communication and ultracold atomic gases. The latter systems turned out to be an excellent playground for investigations of matter-wave solitons in a quantum world. This Tutorial provides a general overview of the ultracold contact interacting Bose and Fermi systems in a one-dimensional space that can be described by the renowned Lieb-Liniger and Yang-Gaudin models. Both the quantum many-body systems are exactly solvable by means of the Bethe ansatz technique, granting us a possibility for investigations of quantum nature of solitonic excitations. We discuss in details a specific class of quantum many-body excited eigenstates called yrast states and show that they are strictly related to quantum dark solitons in the both considered Bose and Fermi systems.
