论文标题
比较维持LTP和长期记忆的理论:激酶反馈途径和突触重新激活的角色的计算分析
Comparing Theories for the Maintenance of Late LTP and Long-Term Memory: Computational Analysis of the Roles of Kinase Feedback Pathways and Synaptic Reactivation
论文作者
论文摘要
考虑到长期突触增强表达(LTP)的蛋白质的营业率,如何维持纪念日?一种可能的解决方案依赖于突触阳性反馈回路,其中包括CAM激酶II(CAMKII)的持续激活和蛋白激酶M Zeta(PKM)的自动合成。最近的研究还表明,基于神经元组件内复发的突触重新激活或ENGRAMS中的复发反馈是维持记忆的必要条件。这些反馈机制的相对重要性是有争议的。为了探索每种机制是必要或足够的可能性,我们使用简化的模型模拟了LTP维护,该模型结合了持续的激酶激活,突触标记和强烈突触的优先重新激活,并分析了最近数据的含义。我们模拟了三个模型变体,每个变体都使用一个反馈循环维持LTP:自激活的PKM合成(变体I);自动激活的camkii(变体II);并复发增强的突触(变体III)。我需要的变体并预测PKM必须有助于突触标记。变体II维持LTP,并表明持续的CAMKII激活可以保持PKM活性,这是先前未考虑的前馈相互作用。但是,我们注意到数据挑战了此反馈循环。在变异III突触重新激活中,CAMKII和其他必要的激酶会预测,反复或持续的活动升高,可能有助于PKM水平的经验持续升高。因此,预测重新激活将维持突触标记的复发和塑性相关蛋白的掺入。我们还建议(模型IV)突触重新激活和自主激酶激活可以协同维持LTP。我们提出的实验可以区分这些维护机制。
How can memories be maintained from days to a lifetime, given turnover of proteins that underlie expression of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP)? One likely solution relies on synaptic positive feedback loops, prominently including persistent activation of CaM kinase II (CaMKII) and self-activated synthesis of protein kinase M zeta (PKM). Recent studies also suggest positive feedback based on recurrent synaptic reactivation within neuron assemblies, or engrams, is necessary to maintain memories. The relative importance of these feedback mechanisms is controversial. To explore the likelihood that each mechanism is necessary or sufficient, we simulated LTP maintenance with a simplified model incorporating persistent kinase activation, synaptic tagging, and preferential reactivation of strong synapses, and analyzed implications of recent data. We simulated three model variants, each maintaining LTP with one feedback loop: self-activated PKM synthesis (variant I); self-activated CamKII (variant II); and recurrent reactivation of strengthened synapses (variant III). Variant I requires and predicts that PKM must contribute to synaptic tagging. Variant II maintains LTP and suggests persistent CaMKII activation could maintain PKM activity, a feedforward interaction not previously considered. However we note data challenging this feedback loop. In variant III synaptic reactivation drives, and thus predicts, recurrent or persistent activity elevations of CamKII and other necessary kinases, plausibly contributing to empirically persistent elevation of PKM levels. Reactivation is thus predicted to sustain recurrent rounds of synaptic tagging and incorporation of plasticity-related proteins. We also suggest (model variant IV) that synaptic reactivation and autonomous kinase activation could synergistically maintain LTP. We propose experiments that could discriminate these maintenance mechanisms.