论文标题

用大爆炸核合成在早期宇宙中探测深色光子

Probing dark photons in the early universe with big bang nucleosynthesis

论文作者

Li, Jung-Tsung, Fuller, George M., Grohs, Evan

论文摘要

我们对深色光子质量范围和与标准模型光子的真空耦合进行了深色光子产生和衰减的计算。我们的计算同时且一致地随着暗光子的产生和衰减,包括对弱解耦和大爆炸核合成(BBN)物理的完整处理。这些计算结合了所有相关的弱,电磁和强核反应,包括改变电荷(变化的)Lepton捕获和衰减过程。它们揭示了熵的深色光子产生,衰减和相关的熵传输到脱钩的中微子海域的不平衡运输。最重要的是,我们模拟的自洽性使我们能够捕获熵注入和稀释的大小和相分。熵注射诱导的弱解耦和BBN期间的时间温度尺度因子关系的改变会导致光元素丰度的产量和总辐射含量的变化(如$ n _ {\ rm eff} $参数化)。这些变化提出了扩展以前的深色光子BBN约束的方法。但是,我们的计算还确定了深色光子质量的范围和尚未受到限制的范围,但在将来的4阶段4宇宙微波背景实验和未来的高精度原始氘丰度测量值中也可能易于访问和可能。

We perform calculations of dark photon production and decay in the early universe for ranges of dark photon masses and vacuum coupling with standard model photons. Simultaneously and self-consistently with dark photon production and decay, our calculations include a complete treatment of weak decoupling and big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) physics. These calculations incorporate all relevant weak, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear reactions, including charge-changing (isospin-changing) lepton capture and decay processes. They reveal a rich interplay of dark photon production, decay, and associated out-of-equilibrium transport of entropy into the decoupling neutrino seas. Most importantly, the self-consistent nature of our simulations allows us to capture the magnitude and phasing of entropy injection and dilution. Entropy injection-induced alteration of the time-temperature-scale factor relation during weak decoupling and BBN leads to changes in the light element abundance yields and the total radiation content (as parametrized by $N_{\rm eff}$). These changes suggest ways to extend previous dark photon BBN constraints. However, our calculations also identify ranges of dark photon mass and couplings not yet constrained, but perhaps accessible and probable, in future Stage-4 cosmic microwave background experiments and future high precision primordial deuterium abundance measurements.

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