论文标题
在赞美和批评波功能的连续自发定位模型中
In Praise and in Criticism of the Model of Continuous Spontaneous Localization of the Wave-Function
论文作者
论文摘要
通过否认崩溃原理并用量子形式主义的变化代替量子力学(QM)来解决量子力学(QM)的测量问题的不同尝试失败了,因为形式主义的变化导致与QM预测矛盾。与众不同,Ghirardi,Rimini和Weber将崩溃视为一种真实现象,并提出了一个微积分,波功能应突然进行定位。后来,Ghirardi,Pearle和Rimini随着该微积分的变化而变成了CSL(连续自发定位)崩溃模型。这两个建议都取决于一个实验事实,即在微观系统遇到宏观物体并涉及大量颗粒时,波功能的还原发生。他们俩还通过在Schrodinger方程中引入其他词来改变量子形式主义。但是,只要研究系统仅包含一个或几个组件,这些术语实际上就不会影响。只有当组件的数量很大时,这些术语才会变得很重要,并导致波功能减少到其一个组件之一。目前的工作有两个目的:1)证明崩溃的假设是不可避免的; 2)将CSL模型应用于检测器中的过程,并逐步显示波功能的修改,直到还原。作为一个侧面的细节,这里认为噪声不能起源于某些古典领域,这与某些物理学家的思想/希望相反,因为没有经典领域是由纠缠的波浪函数量身定制的。
Different attempts to solve the measurement problem of the quantum mechanics (QM) by denying the collapse principle, and replacing it with changes in the quantum formalism, failed because the changes in the formalism lead to contradictions with QM predictions. To the difference, Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber took the collapse as a real phenomenon, and proposed a calculus by which the wave-function should undergo a sudden localization. Later on, Ghirardi, Pearle and Rimini came with a change of this calculus into the CSL (continuous spontaneous localization) model of collapse. Both these proposals rely on the experimental fact that the reduction of the wave-function occurs when the microscopic system encounters a macroscopic object and involves a big amount of its particles. Both of them also change the quantum formalism by introducing in the Schrodinger equation additional terms with noisy behavior. However, these terms have practically no influence as long as the studied system contains only one or a few components. Only when the amount of components is very big, these terms become significant and lead to the reduction of the wave-function to one of its components. The present work has two purposes: 1) proving that the collapse postulate is unavoidable; 2) applying the CSL model to the process in a detector and showing step by step the modification of the wave-function, until reduction. As a side detail, it is argued here that the noise cannot originate in some classical field, contrary to the thought/hope of some physicists, because no classical field is tailored by the wave-functions of entanglements.