论文标题
关于微观熵的生产，热和波动定理
On microscopic entropy production, heat and fluctuation theorem
论文作者
论文摘要
我们证明了吉布斯 - 香农熵适用于任何大小和边界条件的非平衡系统。微观熵的变化可以归因于动态过程的随机性质以及热力学系统的固有不确定性。后者预测，熵产生平均是无负的，并且根据波动定理而随着不同的轨迹而变化。相比之下，热量与粒子运动的随机过程相关，并且在所有可能的轨迹上的集成平均值导致克劳西乌斯不等式。可以通过将波动定理应用于连接平衡状态的不同轨迹上的热变化来轻易得出Jarzynski/Crooks方程。
We demonstrate that the Gibbs-Shannon entropy is applicable to non-equilibrium systems of any size and boundary conditions. The change in microscopic entropy can be attributed to the stochastic nature of dynamic processes and to the inherent uncertainties of thermodynamic systems. The latter predicts that entropy production is nonnegative on average and varies with different trajectories according to the fluctuation theorem. By contrast, heat is affiliated with stochastic processes underlying particle motions and the ensemble average over all possible trajectories leads to the Clausius inequality. The Jarzynski/Crooks equations can be readily derived by applying the fluctuation theorem to heat variation over different trajectories linking equilibrium states.
