论文标题

Si II $λ$ 6355的分布IA型超新星的速度及其对不对称爆炸的影响

Distribution of Si II $λ$6355 Velocities of Type Ia Supernovae and Implications for Asymmetric Explosions

论文作者

Zhang, Keto D., Zheng, WeiKang, de Jaeger, Thomas, Stahl, Benjamin E., Brink, Thomas G., Han, Xuhui, Kasen, Daniel, Shen, Ken J., Tang, Kevin, Filippenko, Alexei V.

论文摘要

弹射速度是研究IA型超新星(SNE IA)的结构和特性的非常重要的参数。它也是改善SNE IA在宇宙学距离确定的效用方面的候选密钥参数。在这里,我们研究了Kaepora数据库中311 SNE IA样品的速度分布。速度源自SI II $λ$ 6355吸收线,在(或推断为峰亮度时)测得的光谱中。从统计上我们统计表明,观察到的速度具有双峰高斯分布,由两组Sne IA:I组组成,但散布较低但较窄($μ_1= 11000 \ 11000 \ text {km s}^{ - 1}^{ - 1} $,$σ_1,$σ_1= 700 = 700 \ text { 12300 \ text {km s}^{ - 1} $,$σ_2= 1800 \ text {km s}^{ - 1} $)。 I组与第二组的人口比率为201:110(65%:35%)。两组之间存在实质性的变性,但是对于具有速度$ v> 12000 \ text {km s}^{ - 1} $的SNE IA,该分布由II组主导。这两个组成部分的真实起源尚不清楚,尽管可能存在观察到的两个固有速度分布。但是,我们尝试通过统计模拟使用不对称的几何模型来重现所有SNE IA具有相同内在分布的观察到的分布。在我们考虑的两种情况下,在情况1中,有35%的SNE IA被认为是不对称的,并且在情况2中,所有SNE IA都是不对称的。对于两种情况,模拟都可以重现所观察到的速度分布,但需要明显的SNE IA的速度分布($> 35 \%)是不对称的。此外,情况1的结果与最近的极化观察结果一致,即SI II $λ$ 6355速度的SNE IA往往更加极化。

The ejecta velocity is a very important parameter in studying the structure and properties of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). It is also a candidate key parameter in improving the utility of SNe Ia for cosmological distance determinations. Here we study the velocity distribution of a sample of 311 SNe Ia from the kaepora database. The velocities are derived from the Si II $λ$6355 absorption line in optical spectra measured at (or extrapolated to) the time of peak brightness. We statistically show that the observed velocity has a bimodal Gaussian distribution consisting of two groups of SNe Ia: Group I with a lower but narrower scatter ($μ_1 = 11000 \text{km s}^{-1}$, $σ_1 = 700 \text{km s}^{-1}$), and Group II with a higher but broader scatter ($μ_2 = 12300 \text{km s}^{-1}$, $σ_2 = 1800 \text{km s}^{-1}$). The population ratio of Group I to Group II is 201:110 (65%:35%). There is substantial degeneracy between the two groups, but for SNe Ia with velocity $v > 12000 \text{km s}^{-1}$, the distribution is dominated by Group II. The true origin of the two components is unknown, though there could be that naturally there exist two intrinsic velocity distributions as observed. However, we try to use asymmetric geometric models through statistical simulations to reproduce the observed distribution assuming all SNe Ia share the same intrinsic distribution. In the two cases we consider, 35\% of SNe Ia are considered to be asymmetric in Case 1, and all SNe Ia are asymmetric in Case 2. Simulations for both cases can reproduce the observed velocity distribution but require a significantly large portion ($>35\%$) of SNe Ia to be asymmetric. In addition, the Case 1 result is consistent with recent polarization observations that SNe Ia with higher Si II $λ$6355 velocity tend to be more polarized.

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