论文标题
毫米波长的太阳-II。阿尔玛频段3中的小规模动态事件
The Sun at millimeter wavelengths -- II. Small-scale dynamic events in ALMA Band 3
论文作者
论文摘要
用Atacama大毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)进行太阳观测,有助于在高空间和时间分辨率下在毫米波长下在色球高度下在毫米波长下研究太阳的大气。 MM波长处的Alma强度数据用于首次详细的系统评估,对安静的太阳中小规模动力学特征的出现和特性进行了详细的系统评估。 Alma Band 3数据(〜$ 3 $毫米 / $ 100 $ GHz)具有空间分辨率〜$ 1.4 $ - $ 2.1 $ ARCSEC,持续时间约为$ 40 $ Min,将与SDO / HMI磁力图一起分析。研究了MM-MAP的时间演化,以检测通过K-均值聚类算法连接到动力事件的明显动力学特征。研究了所得事件的物理特性,如果它们显示出与传播冲击波一致的特性,则将探索它们。为此,根据一维模型和三维模型大气计算了MM波长处的可观察冲击波。 There are 552 dynamical events detected with an excess in brightness temperature ($ΔT_\text{b}$) of at least $\geq 400$ K. The events show a large variety in size up to ~ $9$ arcsec, amplitude $ΔT_\text{b}$ up to ~ $1200$ K with typical values between ~ $450$ - $750$ K and lifetime at FWHM of $Δt_\ text {b} $之间〜$ 43 $ - $ 360 $ s,典型值介于〜$ 55 $ - $ 125 $ s之间。此外,许多事件都显示出签名特性,表明它们可能是通过传播冲击波产生的。尽管空间分辨率设置了可以检测到的事件大小的限制,但在频段3数据中检测到许多小规模的动态结构。在具有磁场更强的光谱脚点的区域,ALMA MM数据中的动态特征量非常低,这与对传播冲击波的期望一致。
Solar observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) facilitate studying the atmosphere of the Sun at chromospheric heights at high spatial and temporal resolution at millimeter wavelengths. ALMA intensity data at mm-wavelengths are used for a first detailed systematic assessment of the occurrence and properties of small-scale dynamical features in the quiet Sun. ALMA Band 3 data (~ $3$ mm / $100$ GHz) with spatial resolution ~ $1.4$ - $2.1$ arcsec and a duration of ~ $40$ min are analysed together with SDO/HMI magnetograms. The temporal evolution of the mm-maps is studied to detect pronounced dynamical features which are connected to dynamical events via a k-means clustering algorithm. The physical properties of the resulting events are studied and it is explored if they show properties consistent with propagating shock waves. For this purpose, observable shock wave signatures at mm wavelengths are calculated from one- and three-dimensional model atmospheres. There are 552 dynamical events detected with an excess in brightness temperature ($ΔT_\text{b}$) of at least $\geq 400$ K. The events show a large variety in size up to ~ $9$ arcsec, amplitude $ΔT_\text{b}$ up to ~ $1200$ K with typical values between ~ $450$ - $750$ K and lifetime at FWHM of $ΔT_\text{b}$ between ~ $43$ - $360$ s, with typical values between ~ $55$ - $125$ s. Furthermore, many of the events show signature properties that suggest that they are likely produced by propagating shock waves. There are a lot of small-scale dynamic structures detected in the Band 3 data, even though the spatial resolution sets limitations of the size of events that can be detected. The amount of dynamic signatures in the ALMA mm data is very low in areas with photospheric footpoints with stronger magnetic fields, which is consistent with the expectation for propagating shock waves.