论文标题
在增强现实中为对象重新制定任务的最佳帮助
Optimal Assistance for Object-Rearrangement Tasks in Augmented Reality
论文作者
论文摘要
增强真实性(AR)眼镜,可以访问机载传感器,并且能够向用户显示相关信息的能力提供机会在Quotidian任务中提供用户帮助。许多这样的任务可以将其描述为对象重新制定任务。我们介绍了一个新颖的框架,用于计算和显示AR帮助,该框架包括(1)将最佳动作序列与体现代理的策略相关联,以及(2)作为AR系统的头部显示显示中的建议,将此顺序呈现给用户。体现的代理包括AR系统与用户之间的“混合”,其中AR系统的观察空间(即传感器)和用户的动作空间(即任务执行操作);通过最小化任务完成时间来学习其政策。在这项最初的研究中,我们假设AR系统的观察结果包括环境的地图和对象和用户的本地化。这些选择使我们能够将计算AR帮助的问题正式化,以作为计划问题,特别是作为电容的车辆路由问题。此外,我们介绍了一种新颖的AR模拟器,该模拟器可以通过栖息地模拟器进行体现的人工智能来对基于Web的AR样援助和相关的按规模数据收集进行评估。最后,我们使用我们在机械turk上提出的AR模拟器进行了一项研究,该研究在特定的quotidian对象重新制定任务(房屋清洁)上评估了用户对拟议的AR援助形式的响应。特别是,我们研究了拟议的AR援助对用户任务绩效和代理意识的影响。我们的结果表明,为用户提供这种帮助可以改善其整体绩效,而用户向其代理商报告了负面影响,但他们可能仍然更喜欢拟议的帮助,而不是完全没有帮助。
Augmented-reality (AR) glasses that will have access to onboard sensors and an ability to display relevant information to the user present an opportunity to provide user assistance in quotidian tasks. Many such tasks can be characterized as object-rearrangement tasks. We introduce a novel framework for computing and displaying AR assistance that consists of (1) associating an optimal action sequence with the policy of an embodied agent and (2) presenting this sequence to the user as suggestions in the AR system's heads-up display. The embodied agent comprises a "hybrid" between the AR system and the user, with the AR system's observation space (i.e., sensors) and the user's action space (i.e., task-execution actions); its policy is learned by minimizing the task-completion time. In this initial study, we assume that the AR system's observations include the environment's map and localization of the objects and the user. These choices allow us to formalize the problem of computing AR assistance for any object-rearrangement task as a planning problem, specifically as a capacitated vehicle-routing problem. Further, we introduce a novel AR simulator that can enable web-based evaluation of AR-like assistance and associated at-scale data collection via the Habitat simulator for embodied artificial intelligence. Finally, we perform a study that evaluates user response to the proposed form of AR assistance on a specific quotidian object-rearrangement task, house cleaning, using our proposed AR simulator on mechanical turk. In particular, we study the effect of the proposed AR assistance on users' task performance and sense of agency over a range of task difficulties. Our results indicate that providing users with such assistance improves their overall performance and while users report a negative impact to their agency, they may still prefer the proposed assistance to having no assistance at all.