论文标题
GDPR执法终于罚款
The GDPR Enforcement Fines at Glance
论文作者
论文摘要
一般数据保护法规（GDPR）于2018年生效。在执行此次执行之后，欧洲国家数据保护当局已经施加了许多罚款。本文探讨了执行决策中引用的单个GDPR文章，并预测了执行罚款的数量，并从执行决策文件中提取的可用元数据和文本挖掘功能。根据结果，与一般原则，合法性和信息安全有关的三篇文章是最常被引用的文章。尽管罚款的数量在所引用的文章中有所不同，但这三个特定的文章并不脱颖而出。此外，其他元数据功能还可以提供更好的统计证据，包括有关制定执行的特定欧洲国家的信息。即使使用简单的机器学习技术用于回归分析，也可以实现准确的预测。基本文本挖掘的特征在这方面优于元数据功能。除这些结果外，本文还反映了GDPR针对欧盟（EU）的公共管理障碍的执法，并讨论了在司法机构中使用自动决策系统的使用。
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force in 2018. After this enforcement, many fines have already been imposed by national data protection authorities in Europe. This paper examines the individual GDPR articles referenced in the enforcement decisions, as well as predicts the amount of enforcement fines with available meta-data and text mining features extracted from the enforcement decision documents. According to the results, three articles related to the general principles, lawfulness, and information security have been the most frequently referenced ones. Although the amount of fines imposed vary across the articles referenced, these three particular articles do not stand out. Furthermore, a better statistical evidence is available with other meta-data features, including information about the particular European countries in which the enforcements were made. Accurate predictions are attainable even with simple machine learning techniques for regression analysis. Basic text mining features outperform the meta-data features in this regard. In addition to these results, the paper reflects the GDPR's enforcement against public administration obstacles in the European Union (EU), as well as discusses the use of automatic decision-making systems in judiciary.
