论文标题
浓密的杂质材料的冲击突破，并应用于PS1-13ARP
Shock Breakout in Dense Circumstellar Material with Application to PS1-13arp
论文作者
论文摘要
冲击突破（SBO）是超新星（SN）的第一个预期电磁特征，它可能是对这些爆炸的祖细胞的重要探测。不幸的是，由于其简短的时间尺度（$ \ lyssim 1 \，$ hr），SBO很难通过当前的调查捕获。但是，当存在密集的偶然物质（CSM）时，SBO可能会延长。实际上，最近对SNE以及早期光谱的光度模型研究表明，这种密集的CSM可能比以前预期的更频繁。如果是真的，这也应影响SBO的功能。我们使用分析模型和数值建模对这种CSM相互作用对SBO宽度和光度的影响进行了探索，在此我们将CSM作为稳态风进行参数化。然后，我们将这种建模与PS1-13ARP进行了比较，SN显示了早期的紫外线过量，该紫外线在密集的CSM中被认为是SBO。我们发现PS1-13ARP非常适合质量$ \ sim 0.08 \，m _ {\ odot} $和半径$ \ sim 1900 \，r _ {\ odot} $，参数类似于使用照相模型的II型SNE所推断的参数。这种相似性表明，对SNE〜II的未来SBO观察可能比以前所欣赏的更容易获得。
Shock breakout (SBO), the first expected electromagnetic signature of a supernova (SN), can be an important probe of the progenitors of these explosions. Unfortunately, SBO is difficult to capture with current surveys due to its brief timescale ($\lesssim 1\,$hr). However, SBO may be lengthened when dense circumstellar material (CSM) is present. Indeed, recent photometric modeling studies of SNe, as well as early spectroscopy, suggest that such dense CSM may be present more often than previously expected. If true, this should also affect the features of SBO. We present an exploration of the impact of such CSM interaction on the SBO width and luminosity using both analytic and numerical modeling, where we parameterize the CSM as a steady-state wind. We then compare this modeling to PS1-13arp, a SN that showed an early UV excess that has been argued to be SBO in dense CSM. We find PS1-13arp is well fit with a wind of mass $\sim 0.08\, M_{\odot}$ and radius $\sim 1900\, R_{\odot}$, parameters which are similar to, if not slightly less massive than, what have been inferred for Type II SNe using photometric modeling. This similarity suggests that future SBO observations of SNe~II may be easier to obtain than previously appreciated.
