论文标题
悖论解决了：跨物种的癌症风险的异形缩放
Paradox resolved: The allometric scaling of cancer risk across species
论文作者
论文摘要
了解癌症的跨物种行为对于发现癌变的基本机制以及在物种之间转化模型系统的结果很重要。癌症最著名的种间考虑因素之一是Peto的悖论，该悖论断言，体重差异很大的生物有望具有巨大的癌症风险，这种模式在经验上未被经验观察到。在这里，我们表明这种观察根本不是一个悖论，而是从跨哺乳动物体大小的代谢率的种间缩放自然而然地遵循的。我们将代谢异晶与组织中癌症发展的进化模型联系起来，以表明与正常生物体寿命相似的等待时间与体重相似。因此，哺乳动物之间的期望是终生癌症风险与体重不变。因此，Peto的观察不是悖论，而是新陈代谢和生理学规模缩放的自然期望。这些异形模式对理解寿命的演变具有理论上的含义，以及使用较小的动物作为人类癌症的模型系统的实际意义。
Understanding the cross-species behavior of cancer is important for uncovering fundamental mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and for translating results of model systems between species. One of the most famous interspecific considerations of cancer is Peto's paradox, which asserts that organisms with vastly different body mass are expected to have a vastly different degree of cancer risk, a pattern that is not observed empirically. Here we show that this observation is not a paradox at all but follows naturally from the interspecific scaling of metabolic rates across mammalian body size. We connect metabolic allometry to evolutionary models of cancer development in tissues to show that waiting time to cancer scales with body mass in a similar way as normal organism lifespan does. Thus, the expectation across mammals is that lifetime cancer risk is invariant with body mass. Peto's observation is therefore not a paradox, but the natural expectation from interspecific scaling of metabolism and physiology. These allometric patterns have theoretical implications for understanding life span evolution, and practical implications for using smaller animals as model systems for human cancer.
