论文标题

蛋白质相互作用的复杂性与结构障碍无关

The complexity of protein interactions unravelled from structural disorder

论文作者

Seoane, Beatriz, Carbone, Alessandra

论文摘要

在文献中,结构性疾病可能是蛋白质相互作用的新型机制的想法在文献中很普遍,尽管支持这一点的统计学意义上的结构研究数量令人惊讶。与以前的工作不同,我们的结论仅依赖于对几乎相同蛋白质序列簇的蛋白质数据库的所有134337 X射线晶体结构的大规模分析。在这项工作中,我们探讨了当蛋白质位于替代络合物中时观察到的所有相互作用接口的组织的复杂性,表明接口以层次结构的方式逐渐累加。我们进一步研究了这种复杂性与结构障碍的不同度量的联系:标准的缺失残基和一个新的定义,称为“软障碍”,涵盖了蛋白质的所有柔性和结构无定形残基。我们显示的证据表明,相互作用界面和软无序区域往往涉及蛋白质的氨基酸大致相同,并且初步结果表明软症发现了那些通过复杂形成逐渐适应新接口的表面区域。我们的结果表明,无序区域不仅包含有关替代界面在复合物中的位置的关键信息,而且还具有组装顺序。我们在几个示例中验证了这些假设。我们最终将疾病的度量与几个疾病的预测因子进行了比较,表明后者被优化以预测蛋白质的所有替代结构中缺少的残基,并且它们无法在复杂形成时捕获无序区域的逐步演变。然而,预测的残留物(即使没有缺失)往往被描述为软混乱。

The idea that structural disorder might be a novel mechanism of protein interaction is widespread in the Literature, although the number of statistically significant structural studies supporting this is surprisingly low. At variance with previous works, our conclusions rely exclusively on a large-scale analysis of all the 134337 X-ray crystallographic structures of the Protein Data Bank averaged over clusters of almost identical protein sequences. In this work, we explore the complexity of the organization of all the interaction interfaces observed when a protein lies in alternative complexes, showing that interfaces progressively add up in a hierarchical way. We further investigate the connection of this complexity with different measures of structural disorder: the standard missing residues and a new definition, called "soft disorder", that covers all the flexible and structurally amorphous residues of a protein. We show evidences that both the interaction interfaces and the soft disordered regions tend to involve roughly the same amino-acids of the protein, and preliminary results suggesting that soft disorder spots those surface regions where new interfaces are progressively accommodated by complex formation. Our results suggest that disordered regions not only carry crucial information about the location of alternative interfaces within complexes, but also of the order of the assembly. We verify these hypotheses in several examples. We finally compare our measures of disorder with several disorder predictors, showing that these latter are optimized to predict the residues that are missing in all the alternative structures of a protein, and they are not able to catch the progressive evolution of the disordered regions upon complex formation. Yet, the predicted residues, if not missing, tend to be characterized as soft disordered.

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