论文标题
Oscillon寿命的食谱
Recipes for Oscillon Longevity
论文作者
论文摘要
俄亥俄州是自我相互作用所维持的标量场的局部状态。它们通过发射古典辐射而衰减,但它们的寿命非常大。我们重新审视了他们长寿背后的原因,目的是针对标量电位$ v(ϕ)$的形状如何决定生命周期。稳定的小球图的形象,其中Oscillon被识别出大量场量子的界面状态,可以理解$ 10^3 $循环的通用电位的订单寿命。在非扰动级别上,标量电势的两个属性可以大大提高寿命:$ v(ϕ)$的平坦和$ v''(ϕ)$的阳性。这些特性在电势家族中实现。此外,这类模型与接收永恒的Oscillon解决方案的非凡潜力连续联系在一起。我们使用一种新的快速数值方法检查这些结果,该方法允许及时演变为无法在计算机上模拟的阶段。该方法利用了oscillons的吸引力特性,并完全解释了非线性。我们发现一生最多可达$ 10^{14} $循环,但可能会有更大的值。我们的工作表明,在早期宇宙中形成的oscillons可以在宇宙学的时间尺度上保持稳定,因此有助于(超)轻鳞片。
Oscillons are localized states of scalar fields sustained by self interactions. They decay by emitting classical radiation, but their lifetimes are surprisingly large. We revisit the reasons behind their longevity, aiming at how the shape of the scalar potential $V(ϕ)$ determines the lifetime. The corpuscular picture, where the oscillon is identified with a bound state of a large number of field quanta, allows to understand lifetimes of order of $10^3$ cycles in generic potentials. At the non-perturbative level, two properties of the scalar potential can substantially boost the lifetime: the flattening of $V(ϕ)$ and the positivity of $V''(ϕ)$. These properties are realized in the axion monodromy family of potentials. Moreover, this class of models connects continuously with an exceptional potential that admits eternal oscillon solutions. We check these results with a new fast-forward numerical method that allows to evolve in time to stages that cannot be otherwise simulated on a computer. The method exploits the attractor properties of the oscillons and fully accounts for nonlinearities. We find lifetimes up to $10^{14}$ cycles, but larger values are possible. Our work shows that oscillons formed in the early Universe can be stable on cosmological time scales and thus contribute to the abundance of (ultra)light scalar dark matter.