论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
On the nature of radio-wave radiation from particle cascades
论文作者
论文摘要
从历史上看，粒子级联反应在地球大气和浓密的媒介中产生的无线电辐射的性质是有争议的。这种情况在2010年初发生了变化，社区汇聚了“地磁”和“ Askaryan”辐射的共同术语，以描述这两种排放机制。但是，这种融合来自各种会议和研讨会的讨论，并最终通过模拟代码和实验测量之间达成协议。因此，在本文中，我使用相对简单的几何参数，以及基于单个粒子轨道的最少计算，以解释来自冰等密集介质中广泛的空气淋浴（EAS）和级联反射的性质。我确定了确定的频率制度，从Askaryan效应的辐射将以BREMSSTRAHLUNG样和类似Cherenkov的样子，在EAS中分别低于/高于1 GHz和100 MHz，在密集的介质中分别为100 MHz；在地磁发射将是横向电流状的，并且它将分别类似于同步辐射，在EAS中的几个GHz以下/高于几个GHz的下方，具体取决于级联发育的高度。我建议如何通过实验观察到这些发射性质的过渡。
The nature of the radio-wave radiation generated by particle cascades in both the Earth's atmosphere and dense media such as ice has, historically, been much debated. This situation changed in the early 2010's, with the community converging on the common terminology of "geomagnetic" and "Askaryan" radiation to describe the two emission mechanisms. However, this convergence arose from discussions at various conferences and workshops, and was ultimately reached through agreement between simulation codes and experimental measurements. In this article therefore, I use relatively simple geometrical arguments, and a minimum of calculations based on single particle tracks, to explain the nature of radiation from extensive air showers (EAS) and cascades in dense media such as ice. I identify well-determined frequency regimes where the radiation from the Askaryan effect will be bremsstrahlung-like and Cherenkov-like, being respectively below/above 1 GHz in EAS and 100 MHz in dense media; and where geomagnetic emission will be transverse-current-like and where it will resemble synchrotron radiation, respectively below/above a few GHz in EAS, depending on the height of cascade development. I suggest how these transitions in the nature of the emission may be experimentally observed.
