论文标题

开发辅助技术以支持回忆疗法:以用户为中心的研究,以识别护理人员的需求

Developing Assistive Technology to Support Reminiscence Therapy: A User-Centered Study to Identify Caregivers' Needs

论文作者

Alarcão, Soraia M., Santana, André, Maruta, Carolina, Fonseca, Manuel J.

论文摘要

回忆疗法是一种廉价的非药物疗法,由于其对PWD的治疗价值而通常使用,因为它可用于促进独立性,积极的情绪和行为,并改善其生活质量。护理人员是采用数字技术来回忆疗法的主要支柱之一,因为他们负责其管理。尽管他们对与治疗相关的需求和困难的全面了解,但在开发现有技术解决方案时,它们的观点尚未完全考虑到。为了告知痴呆症护理中技术解决方案的设计,我们通过全球调查,后续的半结构访谈和焦点小组遵循以用户为中心的设计方法。 76个非正式和52名正式护理人员参加了我们的研究。我们的发现表明,技术解决方案必须提供以简单方式进行治疗的机制,从而减少准备和进行治疗课程时的护理人员的工作量。他们还应该根据PWD的传记信息及其情感反应来使当前会议(以及以下会议)多样化和个性化。这一点尤其重要,因为PWD经常变得激动,侵略性或愤怒,并且看护人可能不知道如何正确处理这种情况(尤其是非正式情况)。此外,正式的护理人员还需要一种简单的方法来管理他们处理的不同PWD的信息,并咨询执行的会话历史(尤其是识别触发负面情绪反应的图像,并咨询有关它们的任何注释)。结果,我们提供了针对PWD以及正式和非正式护理人员收集的已验证功能要求的清单,以及相应的预期主要和次要结果。

Reminiscence therapy is an inexpensive non-pharmacological therapy commonly used due to its therapeutic value for PwD, as it can be used to promote independence, positive moods and behavior, and improve their quality of life. Caregivers are one of the main pillars in the adoption of digital technologies for reminiscence therapy, as they are responsible for its administration. Despite their comprehensive understanding of the needs and difficulties associated with the therapy, their perspective has not been fully taken into account in the development of existing technological solutions. To inform the design of technological solutions within dementia care, we followed a user-centered design approach through worldwide surveys, follow-up semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. Seven hundred and seven informal and 52 formal caregivers participated in our study. Our findings show that technological solutions must provide mechanisms to carry out the therapy in a simple way, reducing the amount of work for caregivers when preparing and conducting therapy sessions. They should also diversify and personalize the current session (and following ones) based on both the biographical information of the PwD and their emotional reactions. This is particularly important since the PwD often become agitated, aggressive or angry, and caregivers might not know how to properly deal with this situation (in particular, the informal ones). Additionally, formal caregivers need an easy way to manage information of the different PwD they take care of, and consult the history of sessions performed (in particular, to identify images that triggered negative emotional reactions, and consult any notes taken about them). As a result, we present a list of validated functional requirements gathered for the PwD and both formal and informal caregivers, as well as the corresponding expected primary and secondary outcomes.

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