论文标题
一种新型的家庭建造的计量，用于分析口腔液滴并量化口罩的功效
A Novel Home-Built Metrology to Analyze Oral Fluid Droplets and Quantify the Efficacy of Masks
论文作者
论文摘要
戴口罩对于防止潜在的含病原体的液滴的扩散至关重要，尤其是在COVID-19大流行中。但是，并非所有面部覆盖物都同样有效，并且大多数评估面罩功效的实验非常昂贵且复杂。在这项工作中，已经开发了一种新颖的，自制的，低成本和准确的计量学，以可视化口服的流体液滴。该项目包括设置优化，数据收集，数据分析和应用程序。选择的最终材料是含奎宁的补品水，397-402 nm波长的紫外管灯，iPhone和三脚架，绳子和喷雾瓶。该实验是在黑暗的壁橱里进行的，背景是黑暗的。在数据收集期间，测试受试者首先用可耐荧光的荧光液（补品水）淋湿口腔，并在紫外线暗光下说话，打喷嚏或咳嗽。从SLO-MO（240 fps）中的iPhone 8+相机记录并分析了产生的补品水滴的荧光，并记录下来。软件VLC用于帧分离，fiji/imageJ用于图像处理和分析。口服流体液滴产生和传播对不同语音的依赖性，语音的响度以及使用计量学的详细研究并建立了呼气事件的类型。评估了不同类型的面具的功效，并与织物微结构相关。所有口罩都将液滴阻塞的程度有所不同。发现具有较小毛孔和较厚材料的口罩可以阻止最多的液滴。这种低成本技术可以在家中很容易地使用总成本低于50美元的材料来构建。尽管成本最低，但该方法非常准确，并且数据是可量化的。
Wearing masks is crucial to preventing the spread of potentially pathogen-containing droplets, especially amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. However, not all face coverings are equally effective and most experiments evaluating mask efficacy are very expensive and complex to operate. In this work, a novel, home-built, low-cost, and accurate metrology to visualize orally-generated fluid droplets has been developed. The project includes setup optimization, data collection, data analysis, and applications. The final materials chosen were quinine-containing tonic water, 397-402 nm wavelength UV tube lights, an iPhone and tripod, string, and a spray bottle. The experiment took place in a dark closet with a dark background. During data collection, the test subject first wets their mouth with an ingestible fluorescent liquid (tonic water) and speaks, sneezes, or coughs under UV darklight. The fluorescence from the tonic water droplets generated can be visualized, recorded by an iPhone 8+ camera in slo-mo (240 fps), and analyzed. The software VLC is used for frame separation and Fiji/ImageJ is used for image processing and analysis. The dependencies of oral fluid droplet generation and propagation on different phonics, the loudness of speech, and the type of expiratory event were studied in detail and established using the metrology developed. The efficacy of different types of masks was evaluated and correlated with fabric microstructures. All masks blocked droplets to varying extent. Masks with smaller-sized pores and thicker material were found to block the most droplets. This low-cost technique can be easily constructed at home using materials that total to a cost of less than $50. Despite the minimal cost, the method is very accurate and the data is quantifiable.
