论文标题
使用颜色代码的低离顶量子计算
Low-overhead quantum computing with the color code
论文作者
论文摘要
容忍故障的量子计算需要大量资源：必须重复检查大量物理Qubits以保护量子数据，以保护量子数据，因为在存在噪声的情况下实现了逻辑门。我们证明，基于颜色代码的方法与常规方法相比，资源开销的大量降低，同时与二维布局保持兼容。我们提出了一种晶格手术方案，该方案利用了颜色代码阶段的丰富结构，以并行进行逻辑保利测量的任意对，同时保持空间成本较低。与基于与相同代码距离的表面代码的晶格手术方案相比，我们的方法在时空开销中的$ 3 \ times $改进，这是从$ 1.5 \ times $ $ 2 \ times $改进的空间间接费用以及$ 2 \ times $ 2 \ times $ speedup的组合获得的，这是由于逻辑计量的平行性而导致的。即使考虑到使用当前解码器的颜色代码的较低误差阈值，开销也以$ 10^{ - 3} $的物理错误率降低10 \％，在$ 10^{ - 4} $中降低了50 \％。
Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an approach based on the color code can lead to considerable reductions in the resource overheads compared with conventional methods, while remaining compatible with a two-dimensional layout. We propose a lattice surgery scheme that exploits the rich structure of the color-code phase to perform arbitrary pairs of commuting logical Pauli measurements in parallel while keeping the space cost low. Compared to lattice surgery schemes based on the surface code with the same code distance, our approach yields about a $3\times$ improvement in the space-time overhead, obtained from a combination of a $1.5\times$ improvement in spatial overhead together with a $2\times$ speedup due to the parallelisation of commuting logical measurements. Even when taking into account the color code's lower error threshold using current decoders, the overhead is reduced by 10\% at a physical error rate of $10^{-3}$ and by 50\% at $10^{-4}$.
